A trait-based approach to plant metacommunities

基于性状的植物元群落方法

• 批准号: 403792835
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Bernd Blasius
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres (ICBM)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/403792835?language=en
• 关键词: trait; based; approach; plant; metacommunities

The objective of SP 1 is to mechanistically understand long-term real-world plant metacommunity processes in changing environments. For this we will embrace a process-based metacommunity framework, which requires to empirically quantify (i) density-independent responses, (ii) density-dependent pairwise species interactions (iii) dispersal kernels, and (iv) immigration and emigration over time for all species co-occurring in a real community. We will formalise this framework in trait-based simulation models that can accommodate the empirical real-world data, explore coexistence mechanisms and spatial processes by varying process parameters, and make predictions about the long-term metacommunity development with changing environmental conditions. Our model system comprises the Spiekeroog salt marsh system with 12 artificial islands. This experiment runs since 2014. The functional composition of salt marsh communities is strongly structured by deterministic environmental gradients of diurnal inundation, ground water levels, and salinity along the elevation gradient from the pioneer zone to the higher saltmarsh. Additionally, the salt marsh ecosystem is dominated by pulse disturbances, such as storm surges and soil salinity enhancing heat waves. In the future, sea level rise may require the species to migrate inland. In many areas, only vertical accretion by sedimentation will ensure the long-term stability and survival of salt marshes. Finally, habitat isolation and heterotrophic consumers as next trophic level influence metacommunity behavior. These interacting processes may prevent equilibrium, niche-based community assembly.The second phase of SP1 consists of the following workpackages, each integrating modelling and empirical approaches: WP0 will establish an individual-based model based on empirical observations. Based on this tool, WP1 will investigate competition mechanisms in response to multiple stressors. We assume that the observed peak in species richness at the centre of the environmental gradient is due to niche separation. WP2 will investigate transient metacommunity dynamics when environmental gradients shift in space and time. Pulse disturbances driving transient community dynamics are storm surges and heat waves increasing soil salinity stress. WP3 will analyse niche construction by plant traits that enhance sedimentation. Niche construction may counteract effects of pulse disturbances and facilitate niche-based plant community assemblies. Finally, WP4 will model and analyse plant-herbivore interactions. SP1 will interact with all other sub-projects. In particular with SP2 (root–fungal interactions), SP3 (plant-herbivore interactions), SP4, SP5 (resilience to pulse disturbances), SP6 (passive dispersal), SP7 (meta food web model), SP1 and SP8 (extension of spatial scale), SP10 (theory), and SPZ (data collection, data base, permit administration).

SP1的目标是机械地理解在不断变化的环境中长期的真实植物集合群落过程。为此，我们将采用基于过程的元群落框架，该框架要求经验地量化(I)密度无关的响应，(Ii)密度依赖的成对物种相互作用，(Iii)扩散核，以及(Iv)在真实群落中共存的所有物种随时间的迁徙和迁出。我们将在基于特征的模拟模型中将这一框架形式化，该模型可以适应经验的真实世界数据，通过改变过程参数来探索共存机制和空间过程，并对环境条件变化的长期元群落发展做出预测。我们的模型系统包括由12个人工岛组成的Spiekeroog盐沼系统。这项实验从2014年开始。盐沼群落的功能组成是由从先锋地带到较高盐沼的海拔梯度上的昼夜淹没、地下水位和盐度的确定性环境梯度构成的。此外，盐沼生态系统以脉冲扰动为主，如风暴潮和土壤盐分增加的热浪。未来，海平面上升可能需要物种向内陆迁徙。在许多地区，只有通过沉积作用进行垂直淤积，才能确保盐沼的长期稳定和生存。最后，栖息地隔离和异养消费者作为下一个营养水平影响集合群落行为。这些相互作用的过程可能会阻碍平衡的、基于生态位的群落聚集。SP1的第二阶段由以下工作包组成，每个工作包都整合了建模和经验方法：WP0将根据经验观察建立一个基于个人的模型。基于这一工具，WP1将研究应对多重压力的竞争机制。我们假设，在环境梯度中心观察到的物种丰富度的峰值是由于生态位分离。WP2将研究当环境梯度在空间和时间上发生变化时的瞬时元群落动态。驱动瞬时群落动态的脉冲扰动是风暴潮和热浪增加土壤盐分胁迫。WP3将通过增强沉积的植物特征来分析生态位的构建。生态位构建可以抵消脉冲干扰的影响，促进基于生态位的植物群落组装。最后，WP4将对植物-食草动物的相互作用进行建模和分析。SP1将与所有其他子项目进行交互。特别是与SP2(根-真菌相互作用)、SP3(植物-食草动物相互作用)、SP4、SP5(对脉冲干扰的恢复能力)、SP6(被动扩散)、SP7(元食物网模型)、SP1和SP8(空间尺度的扩展)、SP10(理论)和SPZ(数据收集、数据库、许可管理)。