Interregional Linkage Investigations in Northern Kordofan (InterLINK)

InterLINK项目探讨了北科尔多凡地区作为努比亚尼罗河谷的国家和文化与西部和西南部的萨赫勒地区（如赞科尔集团、古代和中世纪达尔富尔以及卡内姆-博尔努和乍得盆地其他早期国家和文化）之间的边界和接触区的作用。特别是在中世纪时期，该地区的考古记录表明与尼罗河沿岸的基督教国家有密切的联系，但也与其他邻近文化有密切的联系。这可以被解释为考古学证据，表明该地区可以被确定为远离尼罗河西部的Makuria王国的一个省，该地区尚未被本地化，但在伊斯兰中世纪的原始文本中提到。初步迹象表明，努比亚尼罗河谷的基督教化和文化同化主要涉及牧民群体，定居农民群体较少，该地区作为一个转移和接触区，在环境和社会经济历史方面也至关重要。直到今天，在北部的利比亚沙漠和南部的萨赫勒之间形成了一个沙漠生态边缘，不同形式的移动的或半移动的牲畜饲养战略（南部的养牛业，北部的骆驼游牧业）与粗放和集约农业之间存在着各种相互作用。在历史时期，各种考古记录（集水设施、梯田）表明，农业生产在当地范围内集约化的可能性。该项目的目的之一是调查这些不同的土地利用和生产战略的历时性发展，它们对不断变化的环境条件的适应，以及它们与超区域环境和气候历史的融合。环境框架条件、社会经济对它们的适应、以及它们与某些意识形态或宗教上层建筑的联系，也可以与最近的发展进行比较：即使在今天，萨赫勒地区（即达尔富尔）的许多冲突也是根据沿着类似的社会经济以及意识形态-宗教界定的社会分离线，并根据不断变化的环境条件来解释的。因此，InterLINK项目不仅可以为跨文化、跨区域物质和理想转移过程以及区域环境史等一般历史问题做出贡献，而且还可以为冲突研究和环境适应的现代辩论提供投入。

The InterLINK project explores the role of the North Kordofan region as a border and contact zone between the states and cultures of the Nubian Nile Valley with the Sahel regions to the west and southwest, such as the Zankor Group, ancient and medieval Darfur, as well as Kanem-Bornu and other early states and cultures of the Chad Basin. Especially for the Medieval Period, archaeological records in the region indicate close contacts with the Christian states on the Nile, but also with the other neighboring cultures. This can be interpreted as archaeological evidence that the region can be identified with a province of the kingdom of Makuria in the west away from the Nile, which has not yet been localized, but mentioned by source texts from the Islamic Middle Ages. There are preliminary indications that the Christianization and acculturation to the Nubian Nile Valley mainly concerned pastoral groups, and less prevailed in sedentary peasant groups.The region is also of crucial importance in terms of environmental and socio-economic history as a transfer and contact zone. Until today forming a landscape-ecological fringe between the Libyan desert in the north and the Sahel in the south, there are various interactions between different forms of mobile or semi-mobile livestock keeping strategies (cattle pastoralism in the south, camel nomadism in the north), and extensive as well as intensified agriculture. In historical times, various archaeological records (water harvesting installations, agricultural terraces) indicate possibilities for locally bound intensification of agricultural production. One of the aims of the project is to investigate the diachronic development of these different land use and production strategies, their adaption to changing environmental conditions, as well as their integration into the supra-regional environmental and climate history.The combination of environmental framework conditions, socio-economic adaptations to them, as well as their association with certain ideological or religious superstructure constructs also allow comparisons with recent developments: Even today, numerous conflicts in the Sahel region (i.e. in Darfur) are interpreted along comparable socio-economic as well as ideologically-religiously defined lines of social separation, and against the background of changing environmental conditions. The InterLINK project can therefore not only contribute to the general historical questions of interculturality, supra-regional material and ideal transfer processes, as well as regional environmental history, but can also provide an input to modern debates on conflict research and environmental adaptation.