El Tuweina - Inventory of a residence in the the desert

El Tuweina定居点位于北苏丹Bayuda沙漠中部，在Wadi Abu Dom上游的南部集水区，大约在现代城市Merowe和阿特巴拉之间。它由三个结构组成，部分由石墙组成，部分由泥砖墙组成，由Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität（WWU）Münster的考古学和科普学研究所于2013年（建筑测试）和2017-2019年（大规模挖掘）挖掘。建筑群可以追溯到梅罗伊特时期晚期（约1000年）。公元世纪）;在此期间，巴尤达中部是这种文化的边缘地区，这种文化主要是尼罗河流域的土著。根据以往的研究结果，建筑和其他物质文化有着明显的自主性。“Wadi Abu Dom Itinerary”调查项目的结果（2009-2016年）WWU Münster的研究指出，Abu Dom上游的经济以畜牧业为主，定居和移动的生活方式与经济概念密切相关。对2017年至2019年在El Tuweina发现的材料进行分析，旨在验证这些关于社会和经济历史的一般假设图维纳的陶瓷和小发现的分析首先是为了回答关于中部巴尤达文化与区域间占主导地位的梅罗伊特文化的文化联系程度的问题。这也使得我们能够间接地得出结论，即梅罗伊帝国的国家结构对人口稀少的周边地区的政治-行政影响。对植物和动物样本的分析主要是为了回答当时人口的经济基础问题。主要的问题是，以前人们对生计经济的印象-其主要特点是畜牧业结构和流动模式，对尼罗河流域的依赖程度很低-是否会得到证实。另一个特别的问题是，在梅罗伊特时期，巴尤达中部的人口是否是所谓的“牛情结”文化的一部分（这也意味着社会文化延续到最近的尼罗语或富拉尼语社区）。

The settlement complex of El Tuweina is located in the central Bayuda Desert in North Sudan in the southern catchment area of the upper Wadi Abu Dom, about halfway between the modern cities of Merowe and Atbara. It consists of a coherent complex of three structures, partly made of stone walls, partly made of mud brick walls, which were excavated in 2013 (architectural test soundings) and 2017-2019 (large-scale excavation) by the Institute of Egyptology and Coptology at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster.The building ensemble dates back to the late Meroitic period (ca. 3rd century A.D.); during this time, the central Bayuda was a peripheral area of this culture, which is mainly native to the Nile Valley. According to previous findings, architecture and other material culture have a clear degree of autonomy. The results of the survey project "Wadi Abu Dom Itinerary" (2009-2016) of the WWU Münster point to a predominantly pastoral economy with a close interlinking of sedentary and mobile lifestyle and economic concepts for the upper Wadi Abu Dom.The analysis of the find material recovered in El Tuweina between 2017 and 2019 is intended to verify these general assumptions about the social and economic history of the central Bayuda, as well as to investigate the role of el Tuweina settlement complex within the middle as well as long ranged cultural landscape.The analysis of ceramics and small finds from El Tuweina is intended above all to answer the question about the extent of the cultural connection of the cultures of the central Bayuda to the interregionally dominant Meroitic culture. This also allows indirect conclusions about the political-administrative influence of the state structures of the Meroitic Empire towards the sparsely populated periphery.The analysis of botanical and zoological samples is primarily intended to answer the question of the economic basis of the population of that time. The main question is whether the previous impression of a subsistence economy, which is mainly characterized by pastoral structures and mobility patterns with only marginal dependence on the Nile Valley, are to be verified. Another particular question is whether the population of the central Bayuda during the Meroitic period are part of the so-called "cattle complex" cultures (which would also imply socio-cultural continuities to recent Nilotic or Fulani speaking communities).