Japan’s Translated Religion: Christianity, Transculturality and Translation Cultures in the 16th-17th Century

日本的翻译宗教：16-17世纪的基督教、跨文化性和翻译文化

• 批准号: 405033311
• 负责人: Privatdozentin Dr. Katja Triplett
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschergruppe Multiple Secularities - Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/405033311?language=en
• 关键词: Japan; Translated; Religion; Christianity; Transculturality

The project aims at contributing to research of early modern translation cultures in a phase of lively transcultural exchanges between Europe and East Asia, here Japan, from a study of religions perspective. It looks at the dynamics of exchange processes between Catholic missionaries and Buddhists in late medieval and early modern Japan. From the encounter of two radically different translation cultures beginning with the Jesuit Mission in 1549, new approaches of translation and language theory developed in Japan that have so far not been looked at closely. Reviewing an historical case study of a non-European culture based on primary sources such as the Contemptus mundi (1596; 1610) from the Japanese Jesuit press in a comparative study of religions perspective will expand the field of current translation theories.The project takes on two challenges regarding the radical difference of the translation cultures of Japan and Europe: The investigation of (1) social networks of actors and their oral as well as textual transfer of fiercely contested bodies of knowledge and, directly connected to this, (2) the involvement of the languages (Chinese, Japanese, Sinitic) and the complex East Asian writing systems they engaged with during the translation projects.The project primarily explores transcultural translation activity during the phase of cultural contact between Japan and Europe in the networks active in Japan including the activities of cultural brokers. The problem of a differentiation between Christian and “secular” texts from Europe is discussed in the project as an important topic in the study of religions. This differentiation was formulated by the Japanese authorities during the time when the prohibition of Christianity was implemented in order to distinguish between the legal and the illegal. The censorship included not only the textual products of the Jesuit translation teams but also the utilisation of books in European languages imported to Japan. The aspirations to obtain new knowledge were dampened in this period by the strict bureaucratic regulations and the conservative stance of Buddhist clerics. The project is dedicated to the analysis of contemporary debates on the impetus from Europe on Japanese orders of knowledge and the role of the translation mode of kanbun kundoku that had evolved in Japan over many centuries. This unusual translation mode can be described as including the source text itself within the target text. Overall, emic considerations of language and translation theory in early modern East Asian culture provide an important case for comparative research on other non-European regions and early modern Europe.

该项目旨在从宗教研究的角度，在欧洲和东亚（日本）之间活跃的跨文化交流阶段，为早期现代翻译文化的研究做出贡献。它着眼于中世纪晚期和近代早期日本天主教传教士和佛教徒之间的交流过程的动态。从1549年耶稣会使命开始，两种截然不同的翻译文化相遇，在日本发展了迄今为止尚未被仔细研究的新的翻译方法和语言理论。回顾一个基于主要来源的非欧洲文化的历史案例研究，如《世界的蔑视》（1596; 1610）从宗教的角度进行比较研究，将扩大当前翻译理论的领域。该项目针对日本和欧洲翻译文化的根本差异提出了两个挑战：调查（1）演员的社交网络和他们的口头以及激烈竞争的知识体系的文本转移，并直接与此相关，（2）语言的参与（中文、日文、Sinitic）以及他们在翻译项目中所接触的复杂的东亚书写系统。该项目主要探讨了在翻译过程中的跨文化翻译活动。在日本活跃的网络中，包括文化经纪人的活动，日本和欧洲之间的文化接触阶段。基督教和欧洲的“世俗”文本之间的区别的问题在该项目中作为宗教研究的一个重要课题进行了讨论。这种区分是日本当局在禁止基督教期间制定的，目的是区分法律的和非法的。审查不仅包括耶稣会翻译团队的文本产品，还包括使用进口到日本的欧洲语言书籍。在这一时期，严格的官僚制度和佛教僧侣的保守立场抑制了人们获得新知识的愿望。该项目致力于分析当代关于欧洲对日本知识秩序的推动力以及在日本发展了许多世纪的kanbun kundoku翻译模式的作用的辩论。这种不寻常的翻译模式可以被描述为将源文本本身包含在目标文本中。总体而言，现代早期东亚文化中的语言和翻译理论的主位考虑为其他非欧洲地区和现代早期欧洲的比较研究提供了一个重要的案例。