Development of compact and light pulsed power generator

脉冲功率技术在核聚变、带电粒子束、高能激光、微波、电磁加速器等领域有着广泛的应用。传统的脉冲功率发生器是由马克思排和水脉冲形成线组成的大型机械。小型化、轻型化的脉冲功率发生器是脉冲功率应用发展的必然要求。基于感应储能系统的脉冲功率发生器有可能实现超小型、超轻型化，本文设计了一种超小型、超轻型感应储能脉冲功率发生器ASO-I。ASO-I具有两级断开开关，由水中保险丝和PEOS组成，每天可操作数百次。熔断器作为断路开关的特点是导通和断开时间长。另一方面，等离子体腐蚀断开开关（PEOS）的导通和断开时间短。熔断器和PEOS的两级分断开关实现了长导通、短分断时间，并联细铜线作为第一级分断开关产生的感应电压高于相同截面的单根平行线加起来的感应电压。每根平行导线的微小几何差异不影响输出电压。在导线长度较短的情况下，输出电压随导线长度的增加而线性增加。铜蒸气的介电强度约为12 kV/cm。电压倍增系数约为10。第二次开路开关采用四枪PEOS。电流上升时间从250 ns提高到隆恩。对于开路负载，PEOS的电阻为3.5 Ω。两级分闸成功操作。

Pulsed power technology is useful in many fields, which are the nuclear fusion, charged particle beams, high power lasers, microwaves, and electromagnetic accelerators. The conventional pulsed power generators, which consist of a Marx bank and a water pulse forming line, are huge machines. The development of compact and light pulsed power generators is necessary to develop applications of the pulsed power. Pulsed power generators by an inductive energy storage system have a possibility of extremely compact and light machines.The compact and light pulsed power generator, ASO-I, by the inductive energy storage system was constructed. The ASO-I has the two-staged opening switch, which consists of fuses in water and the PEOS, and is able to be operated hundreds of times a day. The characteristics of fuses as the opening switch are the long conduction and opening times. On the other hand, the plasma erosion opening switch (PEOS) is the short conduction and opening times. The long conduction and short opening times are achieved by the two-staged opening switches of fuses and the PEOS.The parallel thin copper wires as the first opening switch produce higher induced voltage than single wire of the same cross section with the sum of parallel wires. The slight geometrical differences of each of parallel wires do not influence the output voltage. The output voltage linearly increases with the length of wires in the case of comparatively short length. The dielectric strength of the copper vapor is about 12kV/cm. The voltage multiplication factor is about ten.The PEOS by four plasma guns is used as the second opening switch. The current rise time is improved from 250ns to lons. The resistance of PEOS is 3.5 OMEGA for the open-circuit load. The two-staged opening switches are successfully operated.