Wavelength tunable continuous wave metal halide perovskite lasers (PEROLAS)

该方案旨在通过开发卤化铅基钙钛矿(LHP)光学增益材料和适当设计器件结构来实现从可见光到近红外光谱的溶液可处理的连续波(CW)光泵浦激光器。特别注意可调谐性和当前III-V半导体技术没有充分覆盖的绿色光谱范围内的激光器。我们展望了未来集成激光光源在传感和计量应用以及先进显示技术中的应用，例如用于虚拟现实(VR)和增强现实(AR)显示器。该计划从加深对LHP中限制增益的物理过程的了解开始，经过旨在缓解已识别的瓶颈的材料的优化，最后以模拟、设计和制造使用分布式反馈谐振器的激光器为结束。我们的物理理解、材料优化和器件工程工作的起点将是三阳离子和甲基铵LHP层，我们已经报道了脉冲激励下的激光。基于对不同LHP组成的比较研究(最初侧重于不同的阳离子)，我们的提议将产生对LHP增益的基本理解，这与最近关于单阳离子甲基铵材料在100K下连续激光的报道具有重要的相关性。到目前为止，允许该材料在100K(具有正交-四方相混合相)但不能在更高温度下激光的物理机制尚不清楚。我们开始的比较研究将确定基本物理过程(例如，阳离子旋转自由度)在维持连续波激励下的激光方面的重要性，并对如何开发LHP材料以支持更高温度下的连续波激光产生具体的见解。通过结合材料开发、材料表征和激光设备设计方面的专业知识，项目团队拥有广泛的经验来执行拟议的工作。

This proposal aims to realize solution-processable, continuous-wave (CW) optically-pumped lasers across the visible to the near infrared spectrum by developing lead-halide-based perovskite (LHP) optical gain materials and appropriately engineering device structures. Particular attention is given to tunability and to lasers in the green spectral range not adequately covered by current III-V semiconductor technology. We foresee future applications as integrated laser sources in sensing and metrology applications and in advanced display technologies, e.g. for virtual-reality (VR), and augmented-reality (AR) displays.This proposal presents a coordinated plan to optimize lasing in LHPs. The plan starts from the development of a deeper understanding of the physical processes limiting gain in LHPs, moves through an optimization of the materials aimed at alleviating the identified bottlenecks, and ends with the simulation, design and fabrication of lasers operating with distributed feedback resonators. The starting point for our physical understanding, material optimization, and device engineering work will be the triple cation and methylammonium LHP layers from which we have already reported lasing under pulsed excitation. The fundamental understanding of gain in LHPs that our proposal will generate, based on the comparative study of different LHP compositions (initially focusing on the different cations), is of significant relevance in light of the very recent report of CW lasing at 100 K from the single-cation methylammonium material. As of yet, the physical mechanisms that allow the material to lase at 100 K (with a mixed orthorhombic-tetragonal phase) but not at higher temperatures are unclear. Our starting comparative studies will establish the importance of fundamental physical processes (e.g, cation rotational freedom) in maintaining lasing under CW excitation and generate specific insight into how LHP materials should be developed to support CW lasing at higher temperatures. By combining expertise regarding material development, material characterization, and laser device design the project team has the breadth of experience to execute the proposed work.