Wavelength tunable continuous wave metal halide perovskite lasers (PEROLAS)

该提案旨在通过开发卤化铅基钙钛矿（LHP）光学增益材料和适当的工程器件结构，实现可见光到近红外光谱范围内可溶液加工的连续波（CW）光泵浦激光器。特别关注可调谐性以及当前 III-V 族半导体技术未充分覆盖的绿色光谱范围内的激光器。我们预见未来的应用将是集成激光源在传感和计量应用以及先进显示技术中的应用，例如：用于虚拟现实 (VR) 和增强现实 (AR) 显示。该提案提出了优化 LHP 激光发射的协调计划。该计划首先对限制 LHP 增益的物理过程进行更深入的了解，然后通过优化材料来缓解已确定的瓶颈，最后以使用分布式反馈谐振器运行的激光器进行模拟、设计和制造。我们的物理理解、材料优化和器件工程工作的起点将是三重阳离子和甲基铵 LHP 层，我们已经报道了在脉冲激发下的激光发射。基于对不同 LHP 成分的比较研究（最初关注不同的阳离子），我们的提案将产生对 LHP 增益的基本理解，鉴于最近关于单阳离子甲基铵材料在 100 K 下发出 CW 激光的报告具有重要意义。迄今为止，允许该材料在 100 K（具有混合斜方-四方相）下产生激光但在更高温度下不产生激光的物理机制尚不清楚。我们开始的比较研究将确定基本物理过程（例如，阳离子旋转自由度）在连续波激发下维持激光发射的重要性，并深入了解如何开发 LHP 材料以支持更高温度下的连续波激光发射。通过结合材料开发、材料表征和激光设备设计方面的专业知识，项目团队拥有执行拟议工作的丰富经验。

This proposal aims to realize solution-processable, continuous-wave (CW) optically-pumped lasers across the visible to the near infrared spectrum by developing lead-halide-based perovskite (LHP) optical gain materials and appropriately engineering device structures. Particular attention is given to tunability and to lasers in the green spectral range not adequately covered by current III-V semiconductor technology. We foresee future applications as integrated laser sources in sensing and metrology applications and in advanced display technologies, e.g. for virtual-reality (VR), and augmented-reality (AR) displays.This proposal presents a coordinated plan to optimize lasing in LHPs. The plan starts from the development of a deeper understanding of the physical processes limiting gain in LHPs, moves through an optimization of the materials aimed at alleviating the identified bottlenecks, and ends with the simulation, design and fabrication of lasers operating with distributed feedback resonators. The starting point for our physical understanding, material optimization, and device engineering work will be the triple cation and methylammonium LHP layers from which we have already reported lasing under pulsed excitation. The fundamental understanding of gain in LHPs that our proposal will generate, based on the comparative study of different LHP compositions (initially focusing on the different cations), is of significant relevance in light of the very recent report of CW lasing at 100 K from the single-cation methylammonium material. As of yet, the physical mechanisms that allow the material to lase at 100 K (with a mixed orthorhombic-tetragonal phase) but not at higher temperatures are unclear. Our starting comparative studies will establish the importance of fundamental physical processes (e.g, cation rotational freedom) in maintaining lasing under CW excitation and generate specific insight into how LHP materials should be developed to support CW lasing at higher temperatures. By combining expertise regarding material development, material characterization, and laser device design the project team has the breadth of experience to execute the proposed work.