The Oberwolfach Research Institute for Mathematics, 1944-1963: From „National Institute for Mathematics“ to international "social research infrastructure“

上沃尔夫法赫数学研究所（Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach/MFO）自2005年以来一直是莱布尼茨协会的成员，在国际上享有很高的声誉。由弗赖堡数学家Wilhelm Süss（1895-1958）于1944年底创立，当时名为“Reichsinstitut für Mathematik”，在20世纪50年代和60年代，MFO发展成为一个日益国际化的会议中心。虽然其基础的历史已经分析了1945年后的发展几乎没有触及的数学/科学的历史学家。该项目旨在填补这一空白，即分析历史的MFO，因为它在制度上改变了从一个预计的国家数学研究所的广泛，但标准范围的责任，以国际社会基础设施的研究。这在德国学术界是全新的。该项目侧重于1944年至1960年代初多国部队和观察员机构身份的演变，即多国部队和观察员科学方案（讲习班、团队工作、布尔巴基）和研究手段（图书馆、讲习班）的发展和重要性，以及保障多国部队和观察员存在的相应战略（例如在MGP的翅膀下）。这些主题与20世纪50年代和60年代公共和政治领域的数学认知主题密切相关。1963年标志着该项目的结束，因为在1963年，MFO的董事职位从西奥多·施耐德（1911-1988）移交给马丁·巴纳（* 1921，董事1963-1994）。在这一点上，多国部队和观察员基本上得到了体制上的保障。在分析多国部队和观察员新的永久性机构特性发展的方法框架内，有三个方面是该项目的关键，即分析以下历史进程：（1）多国部队和观察员讲习班活动的发展和形成，（2）多国部队和观察员（复杂的）机构保障，以及（3）MFO在德国数学再国际化中所起的作用。因此，该项目打开了一个窗口，在科学史上更普遍的相关性，如科学资助的复杂性和科学的再国际化在联邦共和国的早期德国的主题。

The Oberwolfach Research Institute for Mathematics (Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach/MFO) has been a member of the Leibniz Association since 2005 and is internationally highly renowned. Founded in late 1944 by the Freiburg mathematician Wilhelm Süss (1895-1958) as „Reichsinstitut für Mathematik“, in the 1950s and 1960s the MFO developed into an increasingly international conference centre. While the history of its foundation has been analysed the development after 1945 has scarcely been touched on by historians of mathematics/science.The project aims at filling this gap, namely to analyse the history of the MFO as it institutionally changed from a projected National Institute for Mathematics with a wide, but standard range of responsibilities to an international social infrastructure for research. That was completely new in the framework of German academia. The project focusses on the evolvement of the institutional identity of the MFO between 1944 and the early 1960s, namely the development and importance of the MFO’s scientific programme (workshops, team work, Bourbaki) and the instruments of research employed (library, workshops) as well as the corresponding strategies to safeguard the MFO’s existence (for instance under the wings of the MGP). These topics are closely connected to the topic of the perception of mathematics in the public and political realms in the 1950s and 1960s.The year 1963 marks the end of the project as in 1963 the MFO’s directorship was handed over from Theodor Schneider (1911-1988) to Martin Barner (* 1921, director 1963-1994). At this point the MFO was basically institutionally secured. In the methodological framework of the analysis of the development of a new and permanent institutional identity of the MFO three aspects will be key to the project, namely the analyses of the historical processes of (1) the development and shaping of the MFO’s workshop activities, (2) the (complex) institutional safeguarding of the MFO, and (3) the role the MFO played for the re-internationalisation of mathematics in Germany. Thus the project opens a window on topics of more general relevance in the history of science such as the complexity of science funding and the re-internationalisation of the sciences in the early years of the Federal Republic of Germany.