The impact of terminated Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) on carbon stocks, deforestation, collective action and intrinsic motivations for conservation.

终止生态系统服务付费 (PES) 对碳储量、森林砍伐、集体行动和保护内在动机的影响。

• 批准号: 411113521
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Björn Vollan
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Entwicklungs- und Kooperationsökonomie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/411113521?language=en
• 关键词: impact; terminated; Payments; Ecosystem; Services

Reducing deforestation is one of the most cost-effective climate change mitigation options. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are now increasingly implemented in developing countries as conservation policy tools providing conditional incentives for conservation efforts. So-called asset-building PES are based on the assumption that environmental-friendly practices are not adopted by land-users due to high initial adoption costs. PES provide incentives for a limited time period to overcome this barrier. After a successful adoption of environmental-friendly practices it is assumed that land-users will stick to them after incentives have been removed. The proposed project will evaluate several long-term aspects of a terminated asset-building PES project in Mozambique: the Sofala community carbon project (SCCP). Between 2003 and 2013 more than 2500 smallholders were contracted to adopt various agro-forestry measures in return for cash payments. In particular, our project will build on a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the impacts of the SCCP with regard to two major criticisms concerning PES:a) Environmental effectiveness with respect to deforestation and carbon sequestration.b) Crowding-out of intrinsic pro-environmental values and social norms of smallholder farmers as well as communities’ capacities for collective action for the sustainable use of natural resources.Our project includes three specific work packages. WP1 evaluates the impact of the SCCP on land-use and land-cover changes with respect to deforestation, slash-and-burn agriculture and agroforestry at the landscape level by applying remote sensing-based methods. WP2 will study and estimate below- and above-ground biomass and carbon stocks of different land-use systems in the project region, which allows us to estimate the overall impact of the SCCP on carbon stocks and sequestration. Our study thus provides one of the first long term impact assessments of an asset-building PES using both data from the air and the ground. WP3 will apply a mixed methods approach including surveys, economic experiments and participatory workshops for analysing the impact of the terminated PES on intrinsic pro-environmental conservation values, self-determination, locus-of-control, collective action and social norms at the community level. If PES crowd-out morality, introducing PES schemes may have negative consequences in other spheres of life as well. This might be especially harmful in small rural communities where pro-social behaviour is instrumental for many other non-market exchanges. Our project delivers a unique and encompassing perspective on the effects of monetary incentives on environmental conservation, human behaviour and its underlying motives in the context of a large-scale terminated PES program, which contributes to further developing a context-specific motivation crowding theory.

减少森林砍伐是最具成本效益的减缓气候变化备选方案之一。为生态系统服务付费现在越来越多地在发展中国家实施，作为保护政策工具，为保护工作提供有条件的激励。所谓的资产建设生态系统服务付费是基于这样一种假设，即由于初始采用成本高，土地使用者不采用环境友好型做法。生态系统服务付费为克服这一障碍提供了有限时间内的激励措施。在成功地采用了无害环境的做法之后，人们认为土地使用者在取消奖励措施之后会坚持使用这些做法。拟议的项目将评价莫桑比克已终止的资产建设生态系统服务付费项目的若干长期方面：索法拉社区碳项目。2003年至2013年，2500多名小农签订了合同，采取各种农林措施，以换取现金付款。特别是，我们的项目将建立在一个准实验设计的基础上，以评估SCCP对生态系统服务付费的两个主要批评的影响：a）森林砍伐和碳固存方面的环境效益; B）排挤小农固有的环保价值观和社会规范以及社区为可持续利用自然资源采取集体行动的能力。我们的项目包括三个具体的工作包。第一工作方案通过应用遥感方法，评估了短链氯化石蜡对土地利用和土地覆被变化的影响，涉及森林砍伐、刀耕火种农业和农林业景观一级。WP 2将研究和估算项目区域不同土地使用系统的地下和地上生物量和碳储存，这使我们能够估算短链氯化石蜡对碳储存和固碳的总体影响。因此，我们的研究提供了第一个长期的影响评估的资产建设PES使用从空中和地面的数据。第三工作方案将采用混合方法，包括调查、经济试验和参与性讲习班，以分析终止的生态系统服务付费对社区一级的内在环保保护价值、自决、控制地点、集体行动和社会规范的影响。如果生态系统服务付费排挤道德，那么引入生态系统服务付费计划也可能在生活的其他领域产生负面影响。这在小型农村社区可能特别有害，因为在那里，亲社会行为有助于许多其他非市场交换。我们的项目提供了一个独特的和全面的角度对环境保护，人类行为及其潜在的动机，在大规模终止PES计划的背景下，这有助于进一步发展一个上下文特定的动机拥挤理论的货币激励的影响。