Reciprocal relations between populist radical-right attitudes and political information behavior:A longitudinal study of attitude development in high-choice information environments.

民粹主义极右翼（PRR）政党在欧洲越来越成功。他们的成功模式似乎在于民族主义、威权主义和民粹主义的结合。第一个证据表明，这种意识形态的组合也可以在公民的思维方式中找到。然而，到目前为止，这些态度主要是作为分离的概念进行研究，并进行明确的测量。此外，当分析这些态度的影响时，重点一直放在政党偏好和投票行为上。这个项目旨在做出五倍的贡献。首先，PRR态度将被概念化并作为一个联合概念进行测量，无论是明确的还是隐含的，允许我们识别可能不投票给PRR政党但持有这种态度变体的人口部分。其次，结合信息回避和选择性信息寻求的研究，分析了公民的PRR态度如何影响其对政治信息的使用，解释了哪种类型的PRR公民倾向于哪种“信息饮食”。第三，我们研究了不同类型的PRR态度如何影响自我选择信息饮食的加工，以及这对PRR态度的进一步发展（例如激进化或弱化）有什么影响。第四，我们阐明了我们认为对于理解PRR态度和信息行为之间的相互关系至关重要的调节因素，即政治复杂性，PRR思想的社会（不）可取性的国家背景和这种声音的力量，以及政治争论的程度。第五，我们通过跟踪所有问题和所有免费提供的网页和社交媒体上的政治信息使用情况，从而超越了对预定义网站的跟踪，在方法上为研究状况做出了贡献。根据这五个对现有研究的贡献，指导我们研究的问题是：1。公民对PRR有哪些态度？这些态度在瑞士和德国的人口中传播得有多广？在这两个国家中，持不同PRR态度的公民表现出哪些类型的政治信息使用？考虑到不同程度的政治争论，不同类型的PRR态度如何影响自我选择的信息饮食的处理，这又如何影响PRR态度的进一步发展（仅对瑞士进行了分析）？为了解决这些问题，我们将调查数据与对人们线上和线下信息使用情况的跟踪以及对跟踪信息饮食的系统内容分析结合起来。对于瑞士，我们进行了三波面板调查和两波跟踪研究，使我们能够追踪PRR态度的发展，并区分不同程度的政治争论的影响。为了深入了解国家特定变量的作用，我们将瑞士的数据与一项横断面调查进行了比较，然后对德国的媒体使用情况进行了跟踪。

Populist radical-right (PRR) parties turn more and more successful in Europe. Their success formula seems to lie in a combination of nationalism, authoritarianism and populism. First evidence suggests that this ideological package can also be found in citizens’ mind-sets. However, up to now, these attitudes have primarily been studied as separated concepts and measured explicitly. Beyond, when effects of these attitudes have been analyzed, the focus has been on party preferences and voting behavior.This project aims to make a fivefold contribution. First, PRR attitudes will be conceptualized and measured as a conjoint concept, both explicitly and implicitly, allowing us to identify segments of the population that might not vote for PRR parties yet hold variants of such attitudes. Second, we analyze how citizens’ PRR attitudes affect their use of political information, explaining which types of PRR citizens tend towards which “information diets” combining research on information avoidance and selective information seeking. Third, we examine how different types of PRR attitudes affect the processing of self-selected information diets and what impact this has on the further development of PRR attitudes (e.g. radicalization or weakening). Fourth, we shed light on moderators that we regard as crucial for understanding the reciprocal relationship between PRR attitudes and information behavior, namely political sophistication, country-contexts of social (un-)desirability of PRR ideas and strength of such voices, and the degree of political contestation. Fifth, we methodologically contribute to the state of research by tracking the political information usage on all issues and all freely available webpages and social media, thus going beyond the tracking of pre-defined sites. Following these five contributions to the existing research, the questions guiding our research are:1. Which types of PRR attitudes do citizens hold and how widely are these attitudes spread throughout the population of Switzerland and Germany?2. What types of political information usage do citizens with different PRR attitudes exhibit in these two countries?3. How do different types of PRR attitudes affect the processing of self-selected information diets taking into account varying degrees of political contestation and how does this impact the further development of PRR attitudes (only analyzed for Switzerland)? To tackle these questions, we combine survey data with a tracking of people’s on- and offline information usage and a systematic content analysis of the tracked information diets. For Switzerland, we conduct a three-wave panel survey and a two-wave tracking study allowing us to trace the development of PRR attitudes and to differentiate effects of different degrees of political contestation. To get insights into the role of country-specific variables we compare the Swiss data with a cross-sectional survey followed by one media usage tracking in Germany.