It happened as I said: Effects of Retellings on Eyewitnesses Event Memory

正如我所说，事情发生了：重述对目击者事件记忆的影响

• 批准号: 41386462
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Gerald Echterhoff
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitseinheit Sozialpsychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/41386462?language=en
• 关键词: happened; said; Effects; Retellings; Eyewitnesses

When describing a perceived event to others, a communicator will tailor the message to the audience. The project examines how a message which is ‘tuned’ to the audience can change or bias the way in which the original event is remembered and evaluated by the communicator. Whereas previous research has studied eyewitnesses primarily as recipients of biasing information from other sources, the present project focuses on how eyewitnesses produce their own memory biases during the process of communication with others. A key factor to be varied is ‘shared reality,’ which captures how communicators experience the communication with the person they are tuning to (e.g., whether they feel they achieve a joint view with their audience). A series of seven experiments is proposed in which we manipulate the likelihood of shared reality creation (high vs. low uncertainty about the event; sharedreality vs. instrumental goals for audience tuning; positive vs. negative audience feedback; appropriate vs. inappropriate audience). In addition to the standard memory measures, we also employ source-memory tests to explore whether eyewitnesses exhibiting a greater (vs. lower) memory bias are less likely to discriminate correctly between information from the witnessed event and communicated information. This collaboration is especially promising because it links and integrates Gerald Echterhoff’s expertise in theoretical approaches to social influence and rigorous experimental investigation of underlying processes with Amina Memon’s long-standing experience in practical applications and experimentation emphasizing ecological validity. The novel insights from this project will be useful from both a basic and an applied perspective, for instance by providing a better understanding of the factors determining the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.

当向他人描述一个感知到的事件时，沟通者会根据受众的需要调整信息。该项目研究了一个信息是如何“调整”到观众可以改变或偏见的方式，其中原始事件的记忆和评价的沟通。鉴于以前的研究主要是研究目击者从其他来源的偏见信息的接收者，本项目的重点是如何目击者产生自己的记忆偏见在与他人的沟通过程中。要改变的一个关键因素是“共享现实”，它捕捉了通信者如何体验与他们正在调谐的人的通信（例如，他们是否觉得他们与观众达成了共识）。一系列的七个实验中，我们提出了操纵共享现实创造的可能性（高与低的事件的不确定性;共享现实与观众调谐的工具目标;积极与消极的观众反馈;适当与不适当的观众）。除了标准的记忆测量，我们还采用源记忆测试，以探讨是否目击者表现出更大（与较低）的记忆偏见是不太可能正确区分信息从目击事件和沟通的信息。这种合作是特别有前途的，因为它链接和整合杰拉尔德Echterhoff的专业知识，在理论方法的社会影响和严格的实验调查的基本过程与阿米娜Memon的长期经验，在实际应用和实验强调生态有效性。从这个项目的新见解将是有用的，从基础和应用的角度来看，例如，通过提供一个更好的理解的因素，确定目击者证词的准确性。