魚の糞の分析と捕食行動の観察から魚の食べ物を探る

通过分析鱼的粪便和观察捕食行为来探索鱼的食物

• 批准号: 22924005
• 负责人: 成田 智哉
• 金额: $ 0.36万
• 依托单位: 利府町立菅谷台小学校
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Scientists
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22924005/
• 关键词: 糞の分析; 水中微小生物; マダカ

○研究の目的小学校5年生の理科において,顕微鏡による水中微小生物の観察結果から,間接的に魚の食べ物を推論するだけでなく,糞の分析や捕食行動等の観察から「食べている証拠」を実感をもってとらえさせる授業プログラムを開発することであった。○研究の方法観察する魚種および水中微小生物の培養法を検討しながら,児童に魚が微小生物を捕食する様子を再現性よく観察させたり,糞および消化管内の内容物を顕微鏡で観察させたりした。これらの授業記録や児童の観察記録を分析し,魚が水中微小生物を捕食していることを実感をもってとらえさせる授業プログラムの有効性を探った。○研究の成果1児童の実態調査の結果を基に,魚の食べ物が何かを考え,検証させる単元を構成し授業実践を行った。まず,魚の生息する水域や無給餌状態で飼育しているメダカの水槽内の水を顕微鏡で観察させた。多数の水中微小生物が存在することを確認させ,魚がそれらを食べて生きているという仮説を立てた。児童の考えを基に(1)ミジンコを食べる瞬間を見る(2)解剖して消化管内の水中微小生物の痕跡を探す(3)糞の中の水中微小生物の痕跡を探す等,検証方法を設定し,観察・実験を行わせた。2 1で得られた結果を顕微鏡の拡大画像やVTRの動画を活用し共有させた。授業記録から,児童が複数の結果を基に「魚が水中の小さな生物を食べて生きている」という考えをもったことが分かった。3上記1,2の実践および授業後の理解度調査の結果から,(1)糞や消化管の内容物の分析,捕食行動の観察結果を基に多面的に検討させることが,「魚が水中微小生物を補食している」ことをとらえさせる上で有効であること(2)捕食行動の観察にはメダカ,消化管内の内容物の観察にはゲンゴロウブナ,糞の分析にはメダカ,モツゴ,タモロコ等の魚種が有効であることが分かった。

0 the purpose of the study is to study the results of the five-year science program in primary school, the results of the survey of micro-organisms in water, and the analysis of food consumption in primary schools. the purpose of the study is to study the results of the study of 5-year primary school students in science, micro-biology in water, food, food and food. 0 study methods: to detect the microorganisms in the water of all kinds of animals, to detect the microorganisms in the water, to detect the microorganisms in the digestive tube, and to observe the contents of the digestive tubes. On the basis of the analysis of the observation records of the children, the micro-organisms in the water prey on the prey and feel the disease. 0 the results of the study: 1 the results of the study were based on the results of the study, and the results of the study were based on the results of the study. 1 the results of the study were based on the results of the study. In the water area where there is no sign of interest, there is no information in the water area. There is no sign of the water in the sink. Most of the tiny creatures in the water have confirmed that they are living in the water. The basis of the childhood test is (1) to dissect the trace trace detection of micro-organisms in the water in the digestive tract of the baby, and (3) to detect the trace trace of micro-organisms in the water in the digestive tube of the baby. 21 the results show that the micropicture, the VTR animation, the common picture, the picture. The teaching record has been recorded, and the results have been analyzed. The results show that there are many small organisms in the water, such as food, food and food. (1) the contents of the digestive tract were analyzed, and the results of the predator-prey exercise were analyzed. The results showed that there were many kinds of predators in the water, and there were some food samples on the traps. (2) the predation operations were detected. The contents of the digestive tract are inspected and analyzed in the digestive tract. There are many kinds of food in the digestive tract, such as the contents of the digestive tract, and so on.