(A)symmetries and movement in spoken and sign languages
(A)口语和手语中的对称性和动作
基本信息
- 批准号:414910159
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Research Grants
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
One of the most intriguing properties of organization of sentences is the pervasiveness of certain kinds of “left-right asymmetries” (LRA). A well-attested asymmetry concerns the preponderance of specifier-initial orders over the specifier-final orders. This asymmetry raises the question to what extent the underlying structure itself is asymmetric. Over the last few decades the inquiry yielded (at least) two opposing views w.r.t. the symmetry of the underlying syntactic structure. In one approach, grammar is underlyingly symmetric in that it can output either specifier-final or specifier-initial orders, as well as either head-initial or head-final orders. In this “symmetric” approach, the preponderance of specifier-initial over specifier-final orders may follow from a “ban on rightward movement” (BORM), which may even follow from extra-grammatical principles. In the other “asymmetric” approach, all phrases are linearized in the specifier-head-complement (SHC) orders while patterns that deviate from the SHC schema must be derived via a series of movements. Both approaches continue to face empirical hurdles and the fundamental question of whether grammar is underlyingly symmetric or asymmetric remains unanswered. With the aim of addressing this question, this project focuses on two areas of interest: (i) existing LRA in spoken languages (and whether these follow from the BORM or something else) and (ii) existing LRA in sign languages, and how they differ from spoken languages. The overarching goal is to determine the extent to which the phenomena studied in (i) and (ii) provide evidence for a grammar-external BORM as the sole source for syntactic LRA, as well as the extent to which grammar-external factors, such as modality, contribute to surface asymmetries.LRA have generally been used as arguments in favor of the asymmetric approach. The first step is to investigate in both spoken and sign languages whether grammar at its core must be asymmetric. If existing LRA can also be said to be due to the BORM that is conceived of as extra-grammatical, they can be fully compatible with both a symmetric and an asymmetric perspective on grammar. Such LRA, may then no longer provide evidence in favor of asymmetric approach. In fact, if all existing LRA are reducible to the BORM, there would be no empirical argument left to pursue the asymmetric approach.The second step is to investigate whether the abundance of leftward and the scarcity of rightward movement directly reflect a principally asymmetric grammar, or whether this asymmetry emerges for any independent, extra-grammatical reasons, such as the parsing limitations and the effects of modality. Since rightward movement is more pervasive in sign languages, our goal is to shed more light on why sign languages lack the constraints that spoken languages are subject to and what does the absence of such constraints in sign languages tell us about the (a)symmetry of the underlying structure.
句子组织的最有趣的特性之一是某些类型的“左右不对称”(LRA)的普遍性。一个得到充分证明的不对称性涉及指定人初始订单对指定人最终订单的优势。这种不对称性提出了一个问题,即基础结构本身在多大程度上是不对称的。 在过去的几十年里,调查(至少)产生了两种相反的观点。潜在句法结构的对称性。在一种方法中,语法基本上是对称的,因为它可以输出指定符结尾或指定符开头的顺序,以及中心词开头或中心词结尾的顺序。在这种“对称”的方法中,指定词首序相对于指定词尾序的优势可能来自于“禁止移位”(BORM),这甚至可能来自于超语法原则。在另一种“不对称”的方法中,所有的短语都是线性化的,而偏离SHC模式的模式必须通过一系列的运动来推导。这两种方法继续面临着经验障碍和语法是否是潜在的对称或不对称的根本问题仍然没有答案。为了解决这一问题,该项目侧重于两个感兴趣的领域:(一)现有的口头语言形式的《法律援助法》(以及这些法律援助法是否源于《权利法案》或其他);(二)现有的手语形式的《法律援助法》,以及它们与口头语言的区别。本文的首要目标是确定(i)和(ii)中研究的现象在多大程度上为语法外部BORM作为句法LRA的唯一来源提供了证据,以及语法外部因素,如情态,在多大程度上有助于表面不对称。LRA通常被用作支持不对称方法的论据。第一步是调查口语和手语中的语法核心是否必须是不对称的。如果现有的LRA也可以说是由于BORM被认为是超语法的,他们可以完全兼容的对称和不对称的语法观点。这样的LRA可能不再提供支持不对称方法的证据。事实上,如果现有的所有LRA都可以还原为BORM,那么就没有实证证据来支持非对称的研究方法了。第二步是研究是否大量的重复移位和很少的重复移位直接反映了一种主要的非对称语法,或者这种非对称性的出现是否有任何独立的语法外的原因,比如句法分析的限制和情态的影响。由于手语中的手势动作更为普遍,我们的目标是更清楚地了解为什么手语缺乏口语所受的限制,以及手语中缺乏这种限制告诉了我们什么关于潜在结构的对称性。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Professor Dr. Markus Steinbach其他文献
Professor Dr. Markus Steinbach的其他文献
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