Constraining the effects of volcanic eruptions on stratospheric aerosols and radiative forcing

限制火山喷发对平流层气溶胶和辐射强迫的影响

• 批准号: 416112203
• 负责人: Dr. Alexei Rozanov
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/416112203?language=en
• 关键词: Constraining; effects; volcanic; eruptions; stratospheric

This project proposal (VolARC) is one of five scientific proposals for the second phase of the DFG research unit VolImpact (FOR 2820), whose first phase has started in spring 2019. The VolARC project deals with key aspects of volcanic effects on stratospheric aerosols and their impact on the radiative balance of the Earth system. Based on the work of phase I, we will address three science objectives: (1) Consolidating our understanding of the evolution of stratospheric aerosol parameters after volcanic eruptions and investigating the reasons for differences between measured and modelled stratospheric aerosol data sets (i.e. aerosol extinction profiles, aerosol optical depth and the aerosol particle size distribution). Here, a special focus will be on understanding the temporal variation of the stratospheric aerosol particle size distribution after volcanic eruptions.(2) Estimating the impact of model resolution and transport on stratospheric aerosol evolution. Significantly enhancing the work in phase I, we will employ a seamless simulation approach involving different nests in order to be able to consistently simulate all processes at their relevant scales, from the initial development of the volcanic plume up to global and long-term scales. (3) Investigating the sensitivity of limb-scatter and solar occultation measurements to stratospheric aerosols after strong volcanic eruptions as well as their capability to monitor possible geoengineering experiments. The first aspect is relevant, because current limb and occultation instruments will become insensitive to stratospheric aerosols already at relatively moderate aerosol optical depths. This is because of the long slant path in limb geometry. These effects are well known, but have never been investigated in a systematic study. The second aspect is also highly important in the light of potential solar radiation management activities based on the injection of sulfur compounds into the stratosphere. The research topics will be addressed by exploiting the synergy of global satellite observations of stratospheric aerosol parameters (mainly in the optical spectral range) and of model simulations with explicit stratospheric aerosol microphysics. We will employ our own algorithms to retrieve aerosol parameters from measurements with past, current and future satellite instruments, including, e.g. OMPS-LP, SAGE III and SCIAMACHY. The model simulations will be mainly based on ICON-ART, but MAECHAM-HAM will also be employed to provide some quick model intercomparison data. The VolARC project is well connected to the other four projects of VolImpact, for example via the overarching science topics that will be addressed by multiple VolImpact projects. These topics are: (1) the aerosol particle size distribution, (2) volcanic H2O injections into the middle atmosphere and (3) radiative forcing. In addition, VolARC will be coordinating the seamless simulation activities across the entire research unit.

该项目提案（VolARC）是DFG研究单位VolImpact（FOR 2820）第二阶段的五项科学提案之一，其第一阶段已于2019年春季开始。VolARC项目涉及火山对平流层气溶胶的影响及其对地球系统辐射平衡的影响的关键方面。在第一阶段工作的基础上，我们将致力于实现三个科学目标：（1）巩固我们对火山爆发后平流层气溶胶参数演变的认识，并调查平流层气溶胶测量数据集和模拟数据集（即气溶胶消光剖面、气溶胶光学厚度和气溶胶颗粒大小分布）之间存在差异的原因。在这里，一个特别的重点将是了解火山爆发后平流层气溶胶颗粒大小分布的时间变化。(2)模式分辨率和输送对平流层气溶胶演变影响的估计。为了大大加强第一阶段的工作，我们将采用涉及不同火山岩巢的无缝模拟方法，以便能够在相关尺度上一致地模拟所有过程，从火山羽流的最初发展到全球和长期尺度。(3)调查边缘散射和掩星测量对强烈火山爆发后平流层气溶胶的敏感性及其监测可能的地球工程实验的能力。第一个方面是相关的，因为目前的临边和掩星仪器对平流层气溶胶已经在相对中等的气溶胶光学深度变得不敏感。这是因为肢体几何体中的倾斜路径较长。这些影响是众所周知的，但从未在系统研究中进行过调查。第二个方面也是非常重要的，因为有可能开展以向平流层注入硫化合物为基础的太阳辐射管理活动。将利用全球卫星对平流层气溶胶参数（主要是在光学光谱范围内）的观测和具有明确平流层气溶胶微观物理学的模型模拟的协同作用来处理这些研究课题。我们将采用我们自己的算法来检索气溶胶参数的测量与过去，现在和未来的卫星仪器，包括，例如OMPS-LP，SAGE III和SCIAMACHY。模型模拟将主要基于ICON-ART，但也将使用MAECHAM-HAM提供一些快速的模型比对数据。VolARC项目与VolImpact的其他四个项目有很好的联系，例如通过多个VolImpact项目将解决的总体科学主题。这些主题是：（1）气溶胶颗粒尺寸分布，（2）火山H2O注入中层大气和（3）辐射强迫。此外，VolARC将协调整个研究单位的无缝模拟活动。