Ruhr Coal in Nazi Germany

纳粹德国的鲁尔煤矿

• 批准号: 418425054
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Dieter Ziegler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/418425054?language=en
• 关键词: Ruhr; Coal; Nazi; Germany

When the national socialists started their war preparation they were eager to avoid the mistakes done during World War I. Primarily, this affected the safeguard of the supply of food and strategic raw material under the threat of a British sea blockade. From early on they emphasized the substitution of not sufficiently available strategic raw materials by domestic surrogates. Despite the experience of World War I, when coal had been a bottleneck of the war economy, the supply of coal as source material for many substitutes war not questioned. However, already before the War it became clear that a sufficient coal supply was not guaranteed. Historical research was, with the exception of the subject area of forced labour, not very much interested in the history of coal mining in the ‘Third Reich’. Almost all Ruhr pits belonged to the big heavy industry concerns, for the history of which their coal mining departments were of minor importance. On the one hand the mines were pegged in the Ruhr Coal Syndicate and on the other hand the state had from World War I on an unusually strong influence on the mining industry in Germany. Therefore, the concerns’ mining departments were to a large extent heteronomous. The major issues of the project therefore are- the importance of hard coal for warfare and autarky, - the sphere of influence for the Ruhr mines’ management in the field of force between the concern management, the Coal Syndicate and the state,- the logic behind the decisions of all actors involved,- the interaction of the private sector regulation by the cartel and the efforts of the state’s war preparation,- the means by which the state attempted to safeguard a sufficient coal supply in case of war (or the lack of such attempts).As the Ruhr Coal Syndicate was of an outstanding importance for the production and distribution of coal in Germany, the project considers its target as the history of an industrial sector which is methodically in line with a business history approach. There are four different levels under examination: Ruhr coal as part of the German armaments and autarky policy, the role of the Syndicate as a private sector regulating authority, the role of the Economics Ministry and the Four Year Plan Office as public sector regulating authorities and the heterogeneous interests of the cartel members and their parent company respectively. To consider all sides of the question and because of the amount of primary source research two research projects are applied for. The first part project focusses on the complex relationship between the Syndicate, the mining companies and the public authorities and the second part project addresses the extension of coal conversion and the setting-up of new plants for coal based substitute material.

当国家社会主义者开始他们的战争准备时，他们渴望避免在第一次世界大战期间所犯的错误。首先，这影响了在英国海上封锁威胁下对粮食和战略原材料供应的保障。从一开始，他们就强调用国内替代品来替代供应不足的战略原材料。尽管有第一次世界大战的经验，当时煤炭一直是战争经济的瓶颈，但煤炭作为许多战争替代品的原料供应并没有受到质疑。然而，在战争之前，已经很明显，足够的煤炭供应没有保证。除了强迫劳动的主题领域外，历史研究对“第三帝国”的煤矿开采历史不太感兴趣。几乎所有的鲁尔矿井都属于大型重工业企业，在其历史上，它们的煤矿部门并不重要。一方面，这些煤矿被鲁尔煤炭辛迪加所控制，另一方面，国家从第一次世界大战开始对德国的采矿业产生了异常强大的影响。因此，企业的采矿部门在很大程度上是他治的。因此，该项目的主要问题是：硬煤对战争和自给自足的重要性，鲁尔煤矿管理在企业管理、煤炭辛迪加和国家之间的势力范围，所有参与者决策背后的逻辑，卡特尔对私营部门的监管与国家备战工作的相互作用，- 国家在发生战争时试图保障足够的煤炭供应的手段（或缺乏这种尝试）由于鲁尔煤炭辛迪加对德国的煤炭生产和分销具有突出的重要性，该项目将其目标视为一个工业部门的历史，这与商业历史方法是有条理的。有四个不同的层面正在审查：鲁尔煤炭作为德国军备和自给自足政策的一部分，辛迪加作为私营部门监管机构的作用，经济部和四年计划办公室作为公共部门监管机构的作用，以及卡特尔成员及其母公司的不同利益。考虑到问题的各个方面，由于原始资料研究的数量，申请了两个研究项目。第一部分项目侧重于辛迪加、矿业公司和公共当局之间的复杂关系，第二部分项目涉及煤炭转化的扩展和建立新的煤基替代材料工厂。