When Healing Fails: Cognitive dissonance and resilience factors in failed religious healing. A comparative study of three local Christianities

当治疗失败时：认知失调和复原力是宗教治疗失败的因素。

• 批准号: 419883561
• 负责人: Dr. Bernadett Bigalke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Religionswissenschaftliches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/419883561?language=en
• 关键词: When; Healing; Fails; Cognitive; dissonance

The proposed research project addresses the question of how Christian believers deal with the lack of religious healing and miracles. On the one hand, the starting point of the question is the observation that healing is experiencing a significant boom not only in the esoteric market, but also in the context of Christian movements and churches from Pentecostal-charismatic free churches to Catholicism. On the other hand, the focus of various research on healing and religion has so far been little on the aspect of non-healing, although the results were extremely instructive in exploring the power of religious communication in general and resilience of religious communities in particular.The research project uses the theory of cognitive dissonance according to Leon Festinger as a starting point. Cognitive dissonances initially describe, quite generally, a state in which actors perceive an imbalance between their desires, hopes and ideals on the one hand, and experienced reality on the other. The absence of (religious) expectation creates cognitive dissonance that causes certain reactions in behavior and communication to make the situation plausible. Experiences of religious actors not to be liberated from their physical or mental suffering by the influence of higher powers constitute a reality of religious actors, which hitherto received little attention in research. While cognitive dissonances describe a starting point for the proposed research (a dilemma), we will ask with which communicative means this perceived problem is countered and whether these means lead to a permanent dissolution of the dissonance. A central question is therefore: Can religious communities permanently immunize against experienced contingencies? The theory of cognitive dissonance is therefore expanded to include more recent findings in sociological resilience research in order to more specifically ask about the given communicative resources. The planned research should thus not only pioneer in the development of this desideratum, but above all by the reconstruction of religious performances and narrations to look at the concrete ways of communicating and behaving, in order to explore and discuss the possibilities of a religious studies approach to resilience. In terms of research strategy and methodology, the project aims to compare three local Christian denominations. The aim is to develop an overall typology on the communicative factors of resilience. One of the central aims of the project is therefore to put comparative research as a core competency of religious studies at the center of attention.

这项拟议的研究项目解决了基督徒如何应对宗教治愈和神迹缺失的问题。一方面，这个问题的出发点是观察到，治疗不仅在深奥的市场上经历了显著的繁荣，而且在基督教运动和教会的背景下也是如此，从五旬节派的感召力自由教会到天主教。另一方面，到目前为止，关于疗愈和宗教的各种研究的重点都很少放在非疗愈的方面，尽管研究结果在探索宗教交流的力量，特别是宗教社区的韧性方面非常有启发性。该研究项目以利昂·费斯廷格的认知不和谐理论为起点。认知失调最初相当普遍地描述了一种状态，在这种状态下，参与者一方面感觉到他们的欲望、希望和理想之间的不平衡，另一方面又体验到了现实。缺乏(宗教)期望会造成认知不和谐，从而导致行为和交流中的某些反应，从而使情况变得可信。宗教行为者不受更高权力的影响而从肉体或精神痛苦中解放出来的经历构成了宗教行为者的现实，这一点迄今在研究中很少受到关注。虽然认知不和谐描述了拟议研究的起点(一个两难境地)，但我们将问，用什么交际手段来对抗这个感知到的问题，以及这些手段是否会导致不和谐的永久消解。因此，一个核心问题是：宗教社区能否对有经验的突发事件永久免疫？因此，认知不和谐理论被扩展到包括社会学韧性研究的更新的发现，以便更具体地询问给定的交际资源。因此，计划中的研究不仅应该是这一愿望发展的先驱，而且最重要的是通过重建宗教表演和叙述来研究交流和行为的具体方式，以便探索和讨论采用宗教研究方法来解决复原力的可能性。在研究策略和方法方面，该项目旨在比较三个当地基督教教派。其目的是建立一个关于韧性的交际因素的整体类型学。因此，该项目的中心目标之一是将比较研究作为宗教研究的一项核心能力置于关注的中心。