Evolutionary rescue in complex communities

复杂社区中的进化救援

• 批准号: 419917577
• 负责人: Dr. Ellen van Velzen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Ökologie/Ökosystemmodellierung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/419917577?language=en
• 关键词: Evolutionary; rescue; complex; communities

Environmental change may drive species extinct; but evolutionary rescue (ER) of a species may occur if it can adapt rapidly enough to the new conditions. While ER has been extensively studied in single-species contexts, very little is known on ER when species are embedded in a larger community such as a food web, interacting with prey, predators and competitors.Rapid evolution is often found in traits mediating predator-prey interactions: defensive traits in prey and offensive traits in predators. These traits are especially relevant in a community context and thus provide an important avenue for ER, but are largely ignored by current theory. Moreover, rapid evolution in such traits can feed back on ecological dynamics, so that evolutionary change in a single species may have indirect effects that ripple through an entire community. Such eco-evolutionary feedbacks are expected to be of great importance for ER in complex communities, but this is almost entirely unstudied.With this project I aim to develop new theory on ER comprising the mechanisms for and effects of ER in food webs ranging in size from small (4 species) to large (20-50 species). The main objectives are:1. To gain a detailed understanding of how species interactions shape ER in small food webs. The dynamics of all species can here be understood in detail, and we can achieve a mechanistic understanding of the processes driving ER. Particular focus will be on the possible role of indirect evolutionary rescue, where a species is rescued by evolution in a different species.2. To quantify how many species in a food web should evolve in order for ER to be most effective. Contrary to intuitive expectation, ER may be most effective when only one species evolves, but this has not been investigated beyond linear food chains.3. To scale up the insights derived from small food webs to larger, ecologically relevant food webs. Here the main focus is on the role of food web size and connectance for ER, as indirect effects are expected to be strongest in large, well-connected food webs.4. To identify potential “keystone adapters”: species whose evolution is important to the rescue of other species and maintenance of the food web. Which species properties (traits or position in the food web) make a species into a keystone adapter is one of the most important questions to be answered.To achieve these goals, the well-established adaptive dynamics framework for modelling rapid evolution will be combined with recent approaches for disentangling eco-evolutionary feedbacks, and with existing approaches for modelling the dynamics of large food webs. The anticipated results will give the first insights into ER in natural communities, and how it is shaped by species interactions and eco-evolutionary feedbacks. By showing how important interspecific interactions are to ER, this project will help revolutionize ER research which is still almost entirely focused on a single-species context.

环境变化可能会导致物种灭绝，但如果物种能够迅速适应新的环境，则可能会发生进化拯救（ER）。虽然ER已被广泛研究在单一物种的情况下，很少有人知道ER嵌入在一个更大的社区，如食物网，与猎物，捕食者和竞争对手的相互作用，快速进化往往被发现在介导的捕食者-猎物相互作用的性状：防御性状的猎物和进攻性状的捕食者。这些特征在社区背景下特别相关，因此为ER提供了重要途径，但在很大程度上被当前理论所忽视。此外，这些特征的快速进化可以反馈生态动态，因此单个物种的进化变化可能会对整个群落产生间接影响。这样的生态进化反馈预计将是非常重要的ER在复杂的社区，但这是几乎完全unstudied.With这个项目，我的目标是发展新的理论ER包括ER的机制和影响的食物网大小从小（4种）到大（20-50种）。主要目标是：1. 详细了解物种间的相互作用如何在小食物网中塑造内质网。所有物种的动力学可以在这里得到详细的理解，我们可以实现驱动ER的过程的机械理解。特别关注的是间接进化拯救的可能作用，即一个物种被另一个物种的进化拯救。 为了量化食物网中有多少物种应该进化，以使ER最有效。与直觉预期相反，当只有一个物种进化时，ER可能是最有效的，但这还没有在线性食物链之外进行研究。 将来自小型食物网的见解扩展到更大的生态相关食物网。在这里，主要的重点是食物网的大小和连接ER的作用，间接影响预计将是最强的大型，连接良好的食物网。 确定潜在的“关键适应者”：其进化对拯救其他物种和维持食物网至关重要的物种。哪些物种属性（性状或在食物网中的位置）使一个物种成为一个keystone adapter是最重要的问题之一，以实现这些目标，完善的自适应动态框架建模快速进化将结合最近的方法解开生态进化反馈，并与现有的方法建模大型食物网的动态。预期的结果将首次深入了解ER在自然界中的作用，以及它是如何通过物种相互作用和生态进化反馈形成的。通过展示种间相互作用对ER的重要性，该项目将有助于彻底改变ER研究，该研究仍然几乎完全集中在单一物种的背景下。