Evolutionary rescue in complex communities
复杂社区中的进化救援
基本信息
- 批准号:449580717
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Research Grants
- 财政年份:
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Environmental change may drive species extinct; but evolutionary rescue (ER) of a species may occur if it can adapt rapidly enough to the new conditions. While ER has been extensively studied in single-species contexts, very little is known on ER when species are embedded in a larger community such as a food web, interacting with prey, predators and competitors.Rapid evolution is often found in traits mediating predator-prey interactions: defensive traits in prey and offensive traits in predators. These traits are especially relevant in a community context and thus provide an important avenue for ER, but are largely ignored by current theory. Moreover, rapid evolution in such traits can feed back on ecological dynamics, so that evolutionary change in a single species may have indirect effects that ripple through an entire community. Such eco-evolutionary feedbacks are expected to be of great importance for ER in complex communities, but this is almost entirely unstudied.With this project I aim to develop new theory on ER comprising the mechanisms for and effects of ER in food webs ranging in size from small (4 species) to large (20-50 species). The main objectives are:1. To gain a detailed understanding of how species interactions shape ER in small food webs. The dynamics of all species can here be understood in detail, and we can achieve a mechanistic understanding of the processes driving ER. Particular focus will be on the possible role of indirect evolutionary rescue, where a species is rescued by evolution in a different species.2. To quantify how many species in a food web should evolve in order for ER to be most effective. Contrary to intuitive expectation, ER may be most effective when only one species evolves, but this has not been investigated beyond linear food chains.3. To scale up the insights derived from small food webs to larger, ecologically relevant food webs. Here the main focus is on the role of food web size and connectance for ER, as indirect effects are expected to be strongest in large, well-connected food webs.4. To identify potential “keystone adapters”: species whose evolution is important to the rescue of other species and maintenance of the food web. Which species properties (traits or position in the food web) make a species into a keystone adapter is one of the most important questions to be answered.To achieve these goals, the well-established adaptive dynamics framework for modelling rapid evolution will be combined with recent approaches for disentangling eco-evolutionary feedbacks, and with existing approaches for modelling the dynamics of large food webs. The anticipated results will give the first insights into ER in natural communities, and how it is shaped by species interactions and eco-evolutionary feedbacks. By showing how important interspecific interactions are to ER, this project will help revolutionize ER research which is still almost entirely focused on a single-species context.
环境变化可能导致物种灭绝;但是,如果一个物种能够足够快地适应新的环境,就可能发生进化拯救(ER)。虽然在单一物种背景下对ER进行了广泛的研究,但当物种嵌入一个更大的群落(如食物网),与猎物、捕食者和竞争对手相互作用时,对ER知之甚少。快速进化经常在调节捕食者-猎物相互作用的性状中发现:猎物的防御性状和捕食者的进攻性状。这些特征在社区环境中特别相关,因此为ER提供了一个重要的途径,但在很大程度上被当前的理论所忽视。此外,这些特征的快速进化可以反馈给生态动态,因此单个物种的进化变化可能会对整个群落产生间接影响。这种生态进化反馈被认为对复杂群落的ER非常重要,但这几乎完全没有研究。在这个项目中,我的目标是发展关于内质网的新理论,包括内质网在食物网中的机制和影响,从小(4种)到大(20-50种)。主要目标是:1。详细了解物种相互作用如何在小型食物网中形成内质网。所有物种的动态都可以在这里得到详细的理解,我们可以对驱动ER的过程有一个机械的理解。特别的重点将放在间接进化拯救的可能作用上,即一个物种被另一个物种的进化所拯救。量化食物网中应该进化多少物种才能使ER最有效。与直觉预期相反,当只有一个物种进化时,ER可能是最有效的,但这还没有超出线性食物链的研究。将来自小型食物网的见解扩展到更大的、与生态相关的食物网。这里的主要重点是食物网的大小和连接对内毒素的作用,因为在大型的、连接良好的食物网中,间接影响预计是最强的。识别潜在的“关键适应者”:其进化对拯救其他物种和维持食物网很重要的物种。哪些物种属性(特征或在食物网中的位置)使一个物种成为一个关键的适配器是需要回答的最重要的问题之一。为了实现这些目标,建立快速进化模型的自适应动力学框架将与解开生态进化反馈的最新方法以及大型食物网动力学模型的现有方法相结合。预期的结果将首次深入了解自然群落中的ER,以及物种相互作用和生态进化反馈如何形成ER。通过展示种间相互作用对内质网的重要性,该项目将有助于彻底改变内质网的研究,目前内质网的研究几乎完全集中在单一物种的背景下。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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Dr. Ellen van Velzen其他文献
Dr. Ellen van Velzen的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Dr. Ellen van Velzen', 18)}}的其他基金
Evolutionary rescue in complex communities
复杂社区中的进化救援
- 批准号:
419917577 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
-- - 项目类别:
Research Grants
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- 资助金额:15.0 万元
- 项目类别:青年科学基金项目
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