Success, limits and failure of subsistence strategies in eastern Central Europe during the early Gravettian and the Last Glacial Maximum

格拉维特早期和末次盛冰期东中欧生存策略的成功、局限性和失败

• 批准号: 424736737
• 负责人: Privatdozentin Dr. Kerstin Pasda
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/424736737?language=en
• 关键词: Success; limits; failure; subsistence; strategies

The early Gravettian, approx. 33-29 ka, was a period of cultural and demographic prosperity and intensive exchange of ideas through long-distance communication networks connecting hunter-gatherer communities in large areas of Europe. During the late Gravettian, after 29 ka, a continued decline in temperatures and solar insolation eventually triggered a breakdown of population clusters in Northern and Central Europe. In contrast to the deteriorating environmental conditions of the late Gravettian, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 26,5-19 ka) was a period of cool but comparatively stable temperatures. In the region of Krems, Lower Austria, the density of high-quality early Gravettian and LGM sites is remarkably high, making it a key region for a diachronic comparison of subsistence strategies, land-use patterns, and possible adaptive changes between the two periods. As part of a group of researchers of different specializations (Palaeolithic Archaeology, Geochemistry, Geography, etc.) in a running D-A-CH-project, the applicant (K. Pasda) is responsible for the investigation of research questions based on faunal remains of project relevant sites in Lower Austria. To identify possible climate-based changes of the ecosystem and so indications of adaption of subsistence strategies, the investigation of the applicant focusses on four topics: 1. presence, absence, and portion of species (determination of selected material of the huge osteoarchaeological material of Kammern-Grubgraben and inclusion of data of the project relevant sites), 2. indirect indication to presence or absence of certain species by attendance of gnawing (analysis of samples), 3. isotope composition of osteological material (in close cooperation with project partners), 4. seasonal determination (odontochronology, thin sectioning of teeth, antler, population structure). Due to the Covid19-travel restrictions, the time schedule of the current project could not be kept. A prolongation of the osteoarchaeological partial project therefore is necessary as the osteoarchaeological results and the supply of determined material for the analysis of the project partners is essential for the success of the whole D-A-CH-project. Interim results provide promising results especially to the site of Kammern-Grubgraben. These results lead to hypotheses to be checked and may give insight in changes between the Early Gravettian and the LGM. During the time of the travel restriction a manual about the differentiation of two related fox species has been developed. To finalise this investigation in a qualified and appropriate way, analyses with the method of the worldwide accepted Geometric Morphometric are necessary.

早期的格拉韦特，大约。33-29 ka是文化和人口繁荣的时期，通过连接欧洲大片地区狩猎采集社区的长途通信网络进行密集的思想交流。在格拉韦特晚期，在29ka之后，温度和太阳辐射的持续下降最终引发了北欧和中欧种群集群的崩溃。与格拉韦特晚期日益恶化的环境条件相比，末次冰盛期(LGM；26.5-19ka)是一个温度较低但相对稳定的时期。在下奥地利的Krems地区，高质量的早期Gravettian和LGM遗址的密度非常高，使其成为历时比较生存战略、土地利用模式以及这两个时期之间可能的适应性变化的关键地区。作为不同专业(旧石器时代考古学、地球化学、地理学等)研究人员的一部分。在一个正在进行的D-A-CH项目中，申请者(K.Pasda)负责根据项目相关地点的动物遗骸调查研究问题。为了确定生态系统可能发生的气候变化以及适应生存战略的迹象，申请人的调查集中在四个专题上：1.物种的存在、缺失和部分(确定所选的Kammern-GRubgraben巨型骨骼考古材料的材料，并纳入项目相关遗址的数据)，2.通过观察咬合间接表明某些物种的存在或不存在(样本分析)，3.骨骼材料的同位素组成(与项目伙伴密切合作)，4.季节性测定(牙齿年代学、牙齿、鹿角的薄片、种群结构)。由于Covid19--旅行限制，当前项目的时间表无法如期完成。因此，延长骨考古部分项目是必要的，因为骨考古结果和为项目伙伴分析提供确定的材料对整个D-A-CH项目的成功至关重要。中期结果提供了有希望的结果，特别是在Kammern-GRubgraben地点。这些结果导致了需要检验的假说，并可能为早期Gravettian和LGM之间的变化提供洞察力。在旅行限制期间，编写了一本关于区分两个相关狐狸物种的手册。为了以合格和适当的方式完成这项调查，有必要使用世界公认的几何形态测量学方法进行分析。