The History of the Jewish Book in the Islamicate World

伊斯兰世界犹太书籍的历史

• 批准号: 429042513
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ronny Vollandt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachbereich Judaistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/429042513?language=en
• 关键词: History; Jewish; Book; Islamicate; World

The medieval Islamicate world encompassed the world’s most bookish societies. Hand-copied books were produced in unprecedented numbers, new book materials and techniques emerged, calligraphy and collecting became marks of intellectual refinement and Muslim rulers founded libraries. Book culture in the Islamicate world flourished not only among Muslims, but also among those religious minorities that the Quran so aptly defines as ahl al-kitāb “the people of the book”. Jews (like Christians) partook in the bookish revolution and produced a multitude of manuscripts, and these constitute the primary sources for historical and philological research on Jewish intellectual life of the time. Scholars decipher, contextualise and edit the manuscripts. However, despite their scholarly importance, we often know too little of the modes of their production, their makers, when and where they were produced, their cultural and aesthetic models and the economic and social interactions that led to their making and distribution.To fill this gap, the proposed project undertakes for the first time a comprehensive and multifaceted study of Jewish books of the Islamicate world. It draws on a large corpus of carefully selected dated and datable manuscripts produced in Egypt and the Near East in the 9th–13th centuries: codices, scrolls and rotuli kept in major world libraries, as well as fragments from the Cairo Genizah and the Firkovitch collections. The project’s overall aim is to examine these manuscripts in terms of their making, including materials, scripts and handwriting; their context of production; and practices of reading. We will investigate to what extent Muslim book production affected the book culture of the Jews, making it depart drastically from antique and late-antique models. We will analyse the impact both on the materiality and aesthetics of Jewish books, as well as on connected intellectual and social aspects, such as the spread of literacy, changing modes of interaction between oral and written transmission, the growth of professional book production, its economic basis and the foundation of Jewish libraries and institutions of learning. The approach is that of the History of the Book, with its multidisciplinary focus on books as objects and as essential actors in the transmission of texts, practices and ideas.By bringing together the unique expertise of the two PIs in the field of minority book making under Islamic hegemony, this project will not only fundamentally add to our understanding of the history of the Jewish book in one of its most formative periods, but also counteract the prevailing concentration of book historians on pre-modern and modern European contexts. It will produce two innovative publications, a palaeographical guide to Oriental Hebrew script and a Handbook on the History of the Jewish Book in the Islamicate World, which will be linked with an online open-access digital repository of relevant direct and indirect sources.

中世纪的伊斯兰世界包含了世界上最书卷气的社会。手抄的书籍数量空前，新的书籍材料和技术出现了，书法和收藏成为智力进步的标志，穆斯林统治者建立了图书馆。伊斯兰世界的书籍文化不仅在穆斯林中盛行，也在那些被《古兰经》恰如其分地定义为ahl al-kitāb“有书的人”的少数宗教群体中盛行。犹太人（和基督徒一样）参与了书卷气的革命，产生了大量的手稿，这些手稿构成了当时犹太知识分子生活的历史和语言学研究的主要来源。学者们破译、整理和编辑这些手稿。然而，尽管它们在学术上具有重要意义，但我们对它们的生产方式、制造者、生产时间和地点、文化和审美模式以及导致它们制造和发行的经济和社会互动往往知之甚少。为了填补这一空白，该项目首次对伊斯兰世界的犹太书籍进行了全面和多方面的研究。它借鉴了9 - 13世纪在埃及和近东精心挑选的大量有日期和可确定日期的手稿：保存在世界主要图书馆的抄本、卷轴和圆形图，以及开罗Genizah和Firkovitch收藏的碎片。该项目的总体目标是研究这些手稿的制作过程，包括材料、手稿和笔迹；他们的生产环境；还有练习阅读。我们将研究穆斯林书籍生产在多大程度上影响了犹太人的书籍文化，使其与古代和晚古代模式截然不同。我们将分析对犹太书籍的物质性和美学的影响，以及对相关的知识和社会方面的影响，例如识字的传播，口头和书面传播之间互动模式的变化，专业书籍生产的增长，其经济基础以及犹太图书馆和学习机构的基础。这种方法是《书籍史》的方法，其多学科的重点是书籍作为对象和作为文本、实践和思想传播的重要行动者。通过将两个pi在伊斯兰霸权下的少数民族书籍制作领域的独特专业知识汇集在一起，该项目不仅将从根本上增加我们对犹太书籍最形成时期之一的历史的理解，而且还将抵消书籍历史学家对前现代和现代欧洲背景的普遍关注。它将出版两种创新出版物，一种是东方希伯来文字的古文字指南，另一种是《伊斯兰世界犹太书籍历史手册》，这两种出版物将与一个有关直接和间接来源的在线开放数字资源库联系起来。