Investigation of stability and degradation phenomena in model M@C / PANI nanocomposite electrodes with 2D and 3D architecture

研究具有 2D 和 3D 结构的 M@C / PANI 纳米复合电极模型的稳定性和降解现象

• 批准号: 429730598
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Julien Bachmann, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Russian Foundation for Basic Research
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/429730598?language=en
• 关键词: Investigation; stability; degradation; phenomena; model

The storage of (renewable) electricity in chemical form (fuels) and its subsequent release occur in electrochemical devices such as electrolyzers and fuel cells. An economically viable exploitation of these devices requires electrode materials and architectures that are not only performant but also durable. However, electrocatalyst materials used to date are prone to corrosion and the factors affecting their stability in real electrode, which are complex multiphase entities, are not well understood. The project addresses this aspect by proposing a well-defined model system for these complex materials, one in which the effects of various factors on electrode stability can be investigated systematically. Our preparation combines an ‘anodic’ macroporous template which defines a three-dimensional geometry, polyaniline (PANI) as conductive matrix, and laser-deposited metal nanoparticles embedded in hydrogenated carbon phase (M@C) as the catalyst. We will quantify the performance and stability of these electrodes upon continuous electrolysis and compare similar electrodes differing in (1) nature of interaction between templates and polyaniline matrix; (2) nature of interaction between PANI and hydrogenated carbon phase; (3) architecture of electrode (planar films or tubes obtained on 3D template); (4) geometry of electrode (length and diameter of the tubes). The results of the comparisons will allow us to identify the most promising strategies for improving the stability of real electrodes without sacrificing performance. This ambitious goal is rendered possible by the combination of expertise from the Russian and German teams in the laser-induced deposition of metal/carbon composites and in electrochemical work (including anodization), respectively.

化学形式(燃料)的(可再生)电的储存和随后的释放发生在电解槽和燃料电池等电化学装置中。要在经济上可行地开发这些设备，需要电极材料和结构不仅要有性能，而且要耐用。然而，目前使用的电催化剂材料容易腐蚀，影响其在真实电极上稳定性的因素也不是很清楚，因为它们是复杂的多相实体。该项目通过为这些复杂材料提出一个定义良好的模型系统来解决这一问题，在该模型系统中，可以系统地研究各种因素对电极稳定性的影响。我们的制备结合了一个定义了三维几何结构的阳极型大孔模板，聚苯胺(PANI)作为导电基质，以及嵌入在氢化碳相(M@C)中的激光沉积金属纳米颗粒作为催化剂。我们将量化这些电极在连续电解时的性能和稳定性，并比较在以下方面不同的类似电极：(1)模板与聚苯胺基质之间相互作用的性质；(2)PANI与氢化碳相之间相互作用的性质；(3)电极的结构(在3D模板上获得的平面膜或管)；(4)电极的几何形状(管的长度和直径)。比较的结果将使我们能够确定在不牺牲性能的情况下提高真实电极稳定性的最有希望的策略。俄罗斯和德国团队分别在激光诱导沉积金属/碳复合材料和电化学工作(包括阳极氧化)方面的专业知识相结合，使这一雄心勃勃的目标成为可能。