The Experimental Analysis of Behavior of Stimulus and Response Equivalence

非残障成人和残障儿童发展高级认知功能，如面孔识别和概率条件歧视，需要出现刺激等值。当使用非语言刺激时，很难出现具有三个或更多节点的刺激等价性。在日常生活情境中，当使用延迟匹配样本时，建立和维持基于选择的言语行为需要不同的反应。这些结果表明，功能性中介反应具有促进刺激和反应等价性的作用。刺激等值和反应等值可以解释言语行为的产生。前者涉及基于选择的反应，后者涉及差异反应。当使用色调尺寸时，观察到原型的出现，而在鸽子中使用图形时，观察不到原型的出现。当差异反应与样本刺激相关时，以及当听觉刺激与视觉刺激相关时，虎皮鹦鹉确实出现了刺激等价性。然而，在后一种情况下，当形成这种不同的反应时，刺激等价性并没有出现。无论不同反应之间的关联如何，对鸽子来说，刺激等价性都没有出现。从刺激整合的角度对这些结果进行了讨论

Emergence of stimulus equivalence was required for the development of the higher-ordered cognitive functions, such as face recognition and probablistic conditional discrimination, by non-handicapped adults and handicapped children. Stimulus equivalence with three and more nodes was hard to emerge when non-linguistic stimuli were used. And, everyday life situation, differential responding was needed for establishing and maintaining selectionbased verbal behavior when the delayed matching-to-sample was used. These results suggest that functional mediating response had effects on promoting stimulus and response equivalence. Stimulus equivalence and response equivalence could explain the emergence of verbal behavior. The former involves selection based responding and the latter involves differential responding. The emergence of prototype was observed when the hue dimension was used, but was not observed when graphic figures were used in pigeons. Stimulus equivalence did emerge in budgerigars, when differential responding was associated with the sample stimulus and when the auditory stimuli were associated with visual stimuli. However, stimulus equivalence did not emerge when such differential responding was formed in the latter case. Stimulus equivalence did not emerge for pigeons regardless of the association of the differential responding. These results were discussed in terms of the integration of stimulus