Research on the typology of elementary school districts in Japan

本研究以日本小学学区的类型学为主题。学区是学校教育的基础，在义务教育阶段尤为重要。与此同时，它们也是社区规划的细胞。在这方面，为了理解义务教育的结构和日本人的社区，了解这些地区的组织方式是至关重要的。作为其中的典型案例，我选取了两个案例。其中之一是京都的小学学区。另一个是伊势市的情况。这两个案例是四种小学学区的典型案例。日本的小学学区据说起源于明治初期。在那个时候，学区据说有三种不同的含义。其中只有一条，即学区的含义，即同一学区的一组学生被迫上同一所学校，据说至今仍保留着。但我认为，学区作为学校所在社区细胞的意义丧失，对理解小学学区的现状至关重要。这种实际作用是理解他们处境的关键。

This research focuses on the topic of the typology of elementary school districts in Japan. The school districts function as the foundation of schooling especially at the compulsory education. At the same time they function as the cells of community planning. In this respect it is essential for us to understand the way how these districts are organized in order to understand the structure of compulsory education and Japanese community.As the typical cases of these I picked up 2 cases. One of them is the case of elementary school districts in Kyoto. Another one is the case of Ise City. These two cases are the typical ones of 4 types of elementary school districts.Japanese elementary school districts are said to have their origins at the beginning of Meiji era. At those times school districts are said to have had three different meanings. Only one of them, the meaning of school zones where a group of pupils of the same zone are compelled to go to the same school, is said to be kept until now. But I think that the lost meaning of school districts as the community cells where a school is located is most important to understand the present situation of elementary school district. Actual function of this sort is the key to understanding the situation of them.