Study on models of elementary and junior high school mergers in school enrollment declining areas in relation with social cost

低出生率在日本社会已经持续了几十年。学校董事会被迫合并学校，以维持法律规定的适当学校规模。但在日本，小学和初中具有社区核心的功能，因此我们需要克服法律确定的适当学校规模与尽可能维持每个社区的学校之间的矛盾，以及将儿童上学的距离保持在适当的限度内之间的矛盾。本文从几种调查方法入手，包括与国外的比较研究。

Low-birth rate has been continuing for a few decades in Japan society. School boards have been compelled to consolidate schools for maintaining proper school size determined by law. But elementary and junior high schools have the function as community core in Japan, so we need to conquer conflicts among maintaining proper size of schools determined by law, sustaining schools in every community as far as possible and keeping the distance of attending schools for children within proper limit. The theme described above has been approached from several survey methods including comparative aspect with foreign countries.