SPP 1327: Optically Generated sub-100-nm Structures for Biomedical and Technical Applications

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The objective of the Priority Programme is the consistent description of the basic physical, optical and chemical processes during nonlinear laser absorption processes. These processes can be used in nanostructuring and nanofunctionalisation of bulk materials and surfaces. Therefore, a generalised description has to be developed including all the actual results, which have been gained mostly by using empirical methods. By carrying out a systematic analysis of both the laser/material interaction behaviour and the nonlinear absorption phenomena during ultrashort pulsed laser processing it will be possible to generate the basis for a dedicated, spatially selective and reproducible nanostructuring for technical and biomedical applications. The structures, which are addressed in the Priority Programme are restricted to below 100 nm and should be produced via ultrashort laser pulses, i.e. picoseconds, femtoseconds or attoseconds. The potential for nanostructuring far beyond the classical diffraction limit is attributed to the advent of new laser sources, which provide new temporal and energetic parameters (from femtosecond lasers to EUV-sources). These systems, for the first time, allow the flexible deposition of energy into the workpiece with regard to space and time. Based on these possibilities physical interaction phenomena can be induced resulting in completely new structuring and functionalisation results. Structures can be extremely flexible and they can be tailored to technical and biomedical problems. As an example it is known - and experimentally proven - to nanostructure different materials such as dielectrics, semiconductors, polymers and biomaterials by using multiphoton absorption. Even metals can be nanostructured by processes based on high laser intensities. Due to these observations, numerous scientific questions have been risen concerning the modelling and simulation of nanostructuring processes, new methods of the structuring process or the characterisation of structures.