Evaluation of Abailable Energy of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides

本研究的最终目的是评估未被消化酶水解并由下肠肠道微生物发酵的散装糖替代品的可用能量。不可消化和可发酵低聚糖的有效能无法用传统方法估算。因为，人们忽视了肠道微生物由不可消化的糖替代品产生的短链脂肪酸作为能量来源对宿主的贡献。然而，使用Neosugar的实验清楚地表明，低聚糖不被消化酶水解，到达大肠并被肠道微生物完全发酵（Oku等）。j .减轻。， 114 & 119)。本研究提倡以发酵方程为基础估算可利用能量的新方法。方法的细节在其他地方描述（1,2,3,4）。为了在发酵方程的基础上估算出可利用能量，还需要明确试验物质的消化、吸收、发酵、排泄和代谢途径。本研究使用了代谢特性差异较大的新糖、麦芽糖醇和赤藓糖醇。Neosugar的代谢已经被研究过了。本文还对麦芽糖醇的代谢过程进行了概述。该研究表明，摄入的总麦芽糖醇中约有10%被消化吸收，其中约90%在大肠中发酵（4,5）。此外，肠道细菌利用麦芽糖醇与利用新糖不同，酵母和真菌似乎也利用麦芽糖醇(4)。麦芽糖醇不能被大肠黏膜酶水解。四糖醇赤藓糖醇很容易从小肠吸收，并迅速排泄到尿液中而不发生任何降解（6,7,8）。排泄比例约占总摄入的90%以上（6,7）。大剂量给药时，赤藓糖醇尿排出量减少，发酵比例增加(7)。赤藓糖醇的有效能量是低能量糖替代品中最低的（7,8）。少

The final purpose of this study is to evaluate the available energy of bulking sugar substitutes which are not hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes and fermented by intestinal microbes in the lower intestine. The available energy of non-digestible and fermentable oligosaccharides could not be estimated by the traditional methods. Because, it is disregarded that short chain fatty acid which is produced from nondigestible sugar substitutes by intestinal microbes, contributes to the host as energy source. However, the experiments using Neosugar demonstrated clearly that oligosaccharide which is not hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes, reaches to the large intestine and is fermented completely by intestinal microbes (Oku et al. J. Nutr., 114 & 119).This study advocated the new method which estimates the available energy on the basis of fermentation equation. The details of method is described in elsewhere (1, 2, 3, 4). In order to estimate the available energy on the basis of fermentation equation, … More the digestion, absorption, fermentation, excretion and metabolic pathway of the test substance have to be clarified. In this study, Neosugar, maltitol and erythritol which the metabolic property are greatly different each other, were used.The metabolism of Neosugar has been already investigated. The outline of metabolism of maltitol has also been studied. This study demonstrated that about 10% of total maltitol ingested was digested and absorbed and about 90% of the total was fermented in the large intestine (4, 5). Further, intestinal bacteria which utilizes maltiol, is different from that for Neosugar and maltitol appears to be utilized by yeast and fungi (4). Maltiol was not hydrolyzed by enzymes of large intestinal musosa.Tetrose alcohol erythritol was readily absorbed from small intestine and excreted quickly into the urine without any degradation (6, 7, 8). The excretion ratio was about more than 90% of total ingestion (6, 7). In the administration of very large amount, the urinary excretion of erythritol decreased and the ratio of fermentation increased (7). The available energy of erythritol was the lowest in reduced-energy sugar substitutes (7, 8). Less