The Fundamental Studies on the Development of High Performance Soil

高性能土开发的基础研究

• 批准号: 03453131
• 负责人: MATSUMOTO Satoshi
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1991 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03453131/
• 关键词: High performance soil; Porous ceramics; Soil microorganism; Microhabitat; gamma-HCH-assimilating-bacterium; Survival sites; Microbial ecology; Long termed field of gamma-HCH application; 微小孔隙; 生残部位; 多孔質ガラス; 担体; バイオリアクター; 有機物分解; 非生物的物理化学的反応 /

Since soils being located normaly in outdoors they are directly exposed to the influence of environment, it is very difficult to control artificially the reaction of soil microorganisms. We have focused to facts that many important functions which human being has expected for soils come from chemical reaction, especially bio-chemical one and that these reactions are carried out by soil microorganisms In this study we have started experiments firstly to examine the microbial ecology from the aspect of soil chemistry and then to select factors controlling the ecology or survival of microorganisms. Having acquired these knowledges, we have developed experimental technologies to control to some extent the bio-chemical reaction in soil by the application of the microhabitat materials, for example, micro-porous ceramics as a habitat for a soil microorganism. Through these experiments, we have clarified that microorganisms were strongly influenced by chemical and moisture conditions, and then, a practical application as a preventive technique of nitrate leaching in upland soil was devised by only burying organic materilas with high carbon-nitrogen ratio in subsoil. On the other hand, a succeeful method to establish an inoculated bacterium in soil was developed. The bacterial strain used was Sphingomonas paucimobilis SS86, which has a unique ability to aerobically assimilate gamma-HCH.The bacterium has been known to disappear rapidly when simply inoculated into soils, whereas the gamma-HCH-assimilating S.paucimobilis indigenous to the soil where gamma-HCH has been annualyly applied survives and becomes established. However, strain SS86 was found to establish itself when introduced into a soil which had been exposed to gamma-HCH before bacterial inoculation, showing the same dynamics in the soil as shown by the indigenous gamma-HCH assimilating S.paucimobilis. Use of a selective substrate was suggested to be a new method effective for establishing inoculated bacteria in soi

由于土壤通常位于室外，直接受环境影响，很难人为控制土壤微生物的反应。我们着眼于土壤的许多重要功能都来自于化学反应，特别是生物化学反应，而这些反应又是由土壤微生物来完成的这一事实。本研究首先从土壤化学的角度考察土壤微生物生态，然后选择控制微生物生态或存活的因素。在获得这些知识后，我们开发了实验技术，通过应用微生境材料，例如微孔陶瓷作为土壤微生物的生境，在一定程度上控制土壤中的生化反应。通过这些实验，我们已经澄清，微生物的化学和水分条件的强烈影响，然后，一个实际的应用程序作为一种预防技术，硝酸盐淋溶在高地土壤中设计的只有埋在底土中的有机物料具有高的碳-氮比。另一方面，成功地建立了土壤接种细菌的方法。所用的细菌菌株是少动鞘氨醇单胞菌SS 86，它具有独特的需氧同化γ-HCH的能力，已知该细菌在简单接种到土壤中后会迅速消失，而在每年施用γ-HCH的土壤中土生土长的同化γ-HCH的少动鞘氨醇单胞菌则存活下来并定居下来。然而，发现菌株SS 86在被引入到在细菌接种之前已经接触过γ-六氯环己烷的土壤中后，能够在土壤中生长，其在土壤中的动态与土著γ-六氯环己烷同化少动链球菌的动态相同。使用选择性底物被认为是一种新的有效建立接种细菌的方法

项目成果

Masaya Nishiyama: "Identification of soil micro-habitats for growth,death and survival of a bacterium γ-HCH-assimilating Sphingomonas paucimobilis,by fractionation of soil." FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 101. 145-150 (1992)

Masaya Nishiyama：“通过土壤分级鉴定 γ-六氯环己烷同化鞘氨醇单胞菌生长、死亡和存活的土壤微生境。”FEMS 微生物学生态学。

Matsumoto,S.,Kanazawa,S.,Senoo,K.and Watanabe,S: "Effects of Soil Chemical Environment on the Decomposition Activities of Organic Matter by Soil Biota." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.

Matsumoto,S.、Kanazawa,S.、Senoo,K.和Watanabe,S：“土壤化学环境对土壤生物群有机物分解活动的影响”。

Keishi Senoo: "Differences in dynamics between indigenous and inoculated Sphingomonas pauclmobilis strain SS86 in Soils" FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 86. 311-320 (1992)

Keishi Senoo：“土壤中本土和接种的少动鞘氨醇单胞菌菌株 SS86 之间的动态差异”FEMS 微生物学生态学。

Masaya Nishiyama: "Identification of soil micro-habitats for growth, death and survival of a bacterium, gamma-HCH-assimilating Sphingomonas paucimobilis, by fractionation of soil" FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 101. 145-150 (1992)

Masaya Nishiyama：“通过土壤分级来识别细菌（γ-六氯环己烷同化少动鞘氨醇单胞菌）生长、死亡和生存的土壤微生境”FEMS 微生物学生态学。

Masaya Nishiyama: "Establishment of γ-HCH-assimilating bacterium,Sphingomonas paucimobilis Strain SS86 in Soil" Soil Biol.Biochem.25. 769-774 (1993)

Masaya Nishiyama：“土壤中 γ-六氯环己烷同化细菌，少动鞘氨醇菌株 SS86 的建立”Soil Biol.Biochem.25 (1993)。