Mobility Characteristics of Water Soluble Components in Soil under Electroosmosis and the Applied Studies

土壤环境可以看作是许多带电荷物质的集合体。为了了解土壤胶体的导电现象，包括离子交换和吸附，迄今为止已有大量的土壤电化学研究报道。然而，将电化学方法应用于实际领域的研究，如促进土壤排盐的室内实验研究却很少。这可能是因为能够在土壤中使用的稳定电极的发展滞后。本研究的目的是开发一种具有良好导电性的实用电极，用于土壤中，分析土壤物质包括微生物的行为，并利用它来控制它们。本文介绍了在土壤中经较长时间验证的电极的研制及其在实际领域中的应用。新研制的电极是由分散在橡胶材料中的碳微粒的极薄碳-橡胶膜和由极细的铜串组成的铜网组成的。铜网由碳橡胶膜保护。该电极表现出与铜或碳几乎相同的导电性，并且在电解溶液中具有很强的抗腐蚀能力。在土壤含水量为40%的人工盐化火山灰土中，当直流25V供电时，电极间电流为lOOmA，间隔50cm。土壤中既有有机物也有无机物发生电迁移。当土壤溶液从阳极移动到阴极时，巴西科特有的棒状病害——巴西科疟原虫似乎随土壤溶液迁移和定位。

Soil environment can be taken as an assemblage body of many substances with electric charge. An extensive reports on soil electrochemical studies has been done hitherto for the understanding the electric conductivity phenomena of soil colloids including ionic exchange and adsorption. However, studies on the application to actual field as the electrochemical methods, for example, the laboratory experimental studies for the promotion of salts exclusion from soils are very few. This might come from the fact that the development of the stable electrode being able to use in soil is behindhand.The objective of this study is to develop the-practical electrode with good conductivity which can be used in soil and to analyze the behavior of soil substances including microorganisms and control them by using it. This report concerns the development of the electrode which is proof in soil for comparatively long period and its application to actual fields.The electrode newly developed is composed of the very thin carbon-rubber membrane dispersed micro particles of carbon in rubber material and the cupper net made of very fine strings of cupper. Cupper net is protected by carbon-rubber membrane. This electrode showed almost the same conductivity as cupper or carbon and the strong proof against corrosion in the electrolytic solution. The electric current was found to be lOOmA between electrodes with 50cm interval when DC 25V was supplied in the artificially salinized volcanic ash soil with 40% soil moisture content. Electro-migration of organic as well as inorganic substances occurred in soil. When the soil solution moved from anode to cathode, Plasmodiophora brasicae, which is characteristic clubroot disease for brasicae species was seemed to migrate and locate with soil solution.