Mobility Characteristics of Water Soluble Components in Soil under Electroosmosis and the Applied Studies

土壤环境可以看作是多种带电物质的集合体。为了了解土壤胶体的导电现象，包括离子交换和吸附，土壤电化学研究已取得了广泛的报道。然而，将电化学方法应用于实际领域的研究，如促进土壤排盐的室内实验研究却很少。这可能是由于土壤中使用的稳定电极的研制相对滞后所致。介绍了一种实用的、导电性好的电极，它可用于土壤中，分析土壤中物质（包括微生物）的行为，并利用它来控制它们。本文介绍了在土壤中较长时间稳定的电极的研制及其应用新研制的电极是由橡胶材料中分散有碳微粒的极薄的碳橡胶膜和极细的铜丝制成的铜网组成。铜网由碳橡胶膜保护。该电极具有与铜、碳相当的导电性，在电解液中具有很强的抗腐蚀性。在土壤含水量为40%的人工盐渍化火山灰土壤中，当施加25V直流电时，电极间距为50cm的电极间电流为100mA。土壤中有机物和无机物都发生电迁移。当土壤溶液从阳极向阴极移动时，芸苔根肿病的特征病原芸苔根肿病菌似乎随土壤溶液迁移和定位。

Soil environment can be taken as an assemblage body of many substances with electric charge. An extensive reports on soil electrochemical studies has been done hitherto for the understanding the electric conductivity phenomena of soil colloids including ionic exchange and adsorption. However, studies on the application to actual field as the electrochemical methods, for example, the laboratory experimental studies for the promotion of salts exclusion from soils are very few. This might come from the fact that the development of the stable electrode being able to use in soil is behindhand.The objective of this study is to develop the-practical electrode with good conductivity which can be used in soil and to analyze the behavior of soil substances including microorganisms and control them by using it. This report concerns the development of the electrode which is proof in soil for comparatively long period and its application to actual fields.The electrode newly developed is composed of the very thin carbon-rubber membrane dispersed micro particles of carbon in rubber material and the cupper net made of very fine strings of cupper. Cupper net is protected by carbon-rubber membrane. This electrode showed almost the same conductivity as cupper or carbon and the strong proof against corrosion in the electrolytic solution. The electric current was found to be lOOmA between electrodes with 50cm interval when DC 25V was supplied in the artificially salinized volcanic ash soil with 40% soil moisture content. Electro-migration of organic as well as inorganic substances occurred in soil. When the soil solution moved from anode to cathode, Plasmodiophora brasicae, which is characteristic clubroot disease for brasicae species was seemed to migrate and locate with soil solution.