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Isolation of Human-specific DNA Regions and its Forensic Application to Personal Identification

人类特异性 DNA 区域的分离及其在个人身份识别中的法医应用

基本信息

批准号：
03454213
负责人：
MISAWA Shogo
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Uniqueness is fundamental to the individuality of species, and this in turn is based on the uniqueness of their genomes. For the purpose of resolving the genitic basis of human uniqueness, we describe here the isolation of human-specific sequences using the technique of genome subtraction, i.e., competitive reassociation of genomic DNAs between two very closely related species. One such sequence, HS5, was found to be present only in the human genome and absent in the genomes of non-human primates including chimpanzees, the species most closely related to humans.2. DNA templates from chimpanzees can be amplified using the primers developed from human sequences. Eight chimpanzees having unknown relatedness show polymorphic patterns. Each sample exhibits one or two intense major bands and few minor bands which are found at intervals of every 2 nucleotides. Among 7 alleles indentified, 5 alleles corresponded to human population alleles, i.e., Z+8, Z+4, Z+2, Z and Z-2. Allele Z, having the 137-bp major fragment, is the most common allele in both the Caucasian and Japanese human populations. Although the population size of chimpanzees examined was small, the number of detected alleles compared favorably with those found with human populations.These results indicate that the dinucleotide repeat at the apolipoprotein AII locus is highly polymorphic in chimpanzees, and is an informative genetic marker just as in human populations.

1. 独特性是物种个性的基础，而这又基于其基因组的独特性。为了解决人类独特性的遗传基础，我们在这里描述了使用基因组消减技术分离人类特异性序列，即两个非常密切相关的物种之间基因组 DNA 的竞争性重新关联。一种这样的序列，HS5，被发现仅存在于人类基因组中，并且不存在于包括黑猩猩在内的非人类灵长类动物的基因组中，黑猩猩是与人类关系最密切的物种。2．黑猩猩的 DNA 模板可以使用根据人类序列开发的引物进行扩增。八只具有未知亲缘关系的黑猩猩表现出多态性模式。每个样品都显示出一两个强烈的主带和少数次要带，这些带以每 2 个核苷酸的间隔出现。在鉴定的 7 个等位基因中，有 5 个等位基因对应于人类群体等位基因，即 Z+8、Z+4、Z+2、Z 和 Z-2。等位基因 Z 具有 137 bp 主要片段，是白种人和日本人群中最常见的等位基因。尽管检测的黑猩猩群体规模较小，但检测到的等位基因数量与人类群体中发现的等位基因数量相比毫不逊色。这些结果表明载脂蛋白AII位点的二核苷酸重复在黑猩猩中具有高度多态性，并且与人类群体一样是一种信息丰富的遗传标记。