The contribution of bishops to the development of canon law by the middle of the 12th century

12世纪中叶主教对教会法发展的贡献

• 批准号: 430930040
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Lotte Kéry
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich für Spätmittelalterliche Geschichte und Vergleichende Landesgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/430930040?language=en
• 关键词: contribution; bishops; development; canon; law

The contribution provided by bishops of the earlier middle ages – i.e. before the age of renewal of scientifc jurisprudence in medieval Europe and the devolution of episcopal jurisdiction to the ecclesiastical courts of officialates in the second half of the 12th century – is very important for the development of canon law. Since the earliest times of the Church the transmission of law and justice is part of the central tasks of their official position and duty and can be reconstructed by a large number of written documents. Their origin can be attributed to the fact that bishops in their capacity as ecclesiastical judges and head of the diocesan administration could not draw on positive law enacted by an authority, but had to rely on canon law collections, created by private initiatives, finding solutions for the current judicial problems. Bishops did not only contribute to the creation of law by formulating and approving conciliar decrees but also by prescribing legal rules to the clergy and laity of their diocese, known as capitula episcoporum, and emerged as authors of canon law collections reacting in a comprehensive way to the needs of the practice and contributing thereby in large measure to the development of medieval canon law.Analyzing first the use of canon law in practice, appearing in letters and expert reports by bishops versed in law, giving advice to their colleagues and other clerics, kings and magnates, the ensuing project will also look for connections with existing or newly emerging canon law collections of that period. The research will be based on the methods and results of my two existing studies about three bishops of the 11th century in Northern France (Fulbert of Chartres, Gerard of Cambrai, Lambert of Arras) and my lecture about the dispute between the bishops Hinkmar of Rheims and Hinkmar of Laon. It will be continued and completed by other examples of the fundamental contribution of bishops as most important authorities of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, administration and spiritual welfare but also in politics, that will be investigated systematically and presented in a monograph.

中世纪早期主教的贡献--即在中世纪欧洲恢复科学判例和12世纪下半叶将主教管辖权移交给官员的教会法院之前--对教会法的发展非常重要。从教会最早的时代起，法律和正义的传递就是他们官职和职责的中心任务的一部分，可以通过大量的书面文件来重建。它们的起源可以归因于这样一个事实，即主教作为教会法官和教区行政当局的负责人，不能借鉴当局颁布的积极法律，而必须依靠由私人倡议创建的教会法集合，为当前的司法问题找到解决办法。主教们不仅通过制定和批准和解性法令为法律的创建做出了贡献，而且通过向其教区的神职人员和俗人规定法律规则，被称为Capitula episcoorum，并成为正典法律收藏品的作者，对实践的需要做出了全面的反应，从而在很大程度上促进了中世纪正典法律的发展。首先分析正典法律在实践中的使用，出现在精通法律的主教的信件和专家报告中，向他们的同事和其他神职人员、国王和大亨提供建议，接下来的项目还将寻找与那个时期现有的或新出现的正典法律收藏品的联系。这项研究将基于我现有的两个关于11世纪法国北部三位主教(Chartres的Fulbert，Cambrai的Gerard，Arras的Lambert)的研究的方法和结果，以及我关于Rheims的Hinkmar和Laon的Hinkmar之间的争议的讲座。它将继续并完成主教作为教会司法、行政和精神福利最重要的权威，但也在政治方面的根本贡献的其他例子，这些将被系统地调查并在一本专著中提出。