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Characteristics and Mechanism of Glacier Variations in Patagonia, Andes, Revealed by Satellite-data Analyzes.

卫星数据分析揭示安第斯巴塔哥尼亚冰川变化特征及机制。

基本信息

批准号：
04452068
负责人：
NARUSE Renji
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We collected a number of remote sensing data which cover the Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI : 350 km long and 50 km wide) in the southern Andes. The data include Landsat MSS (1976), TM (1986), Spot (1987,1991), and aerial photographs taken in 1945, the late 1960s and 1970s. Analyzing the data, variations since 1945 of eight major outlet glaciers in the SPI were elucidated. During the last 41 years, most glaciers showed a general recession, namely 2.2km at Jorge Montt, 13.4 km at O'Higgins and 2.6 km at Upsala glaciers. On the other hand, Bruggen Glacier advanced 5.3 or 8.4 km in the same period. Thus, it was found that, in Patagonia, some glaciers have behaved in different manners and with different magnitudes of variations.Also as a study of Geographical Information System, various features of glaciers were digitized, and inventories of 48 glaciers in the SPI were completed.With a mass-balance model which includes the calving rate, simulations of glacier variations were made for Upsala and Moreno glaciers. The result shows that a 100 m rise in the equilibrium-line altitude due to climatic change would result in a 200-350 m rise in the frontal altitude at Upsala Glacier corresponding to a retreat of 5-8 km, while it would cause only a 70-100 m rise at Moreno Glacier. Also numerical experiments using a degree-day method were made for Soler Glacier. As a result, a 20% decrease in snow-fall would result in only a 50m rise in the frontal altitude, while a 1^OC increase would result in a 100 m rise in the equilibrium-line altitude. Further experiments with a dynamical model are planned to carry out.

我们收集了一些遥感数据，其中包括南巴塔哥尼亚冰原（SPI：350公里长，50公里宽）在南部安第斯山脉。这些数据包括Landsat MSS（1976）、TM（1986）、Spot（1987，1991）以及1945年、60年代末和70年代的航空照片。通过对资料的分析，阐明了1945年以来SPI中8个主要出口冰川的变化。在过去的41年里，大多数冰川都出现了普遍的衰退，豪尔赫·蒙特冰川为2.2公里，奥希金斯冰川为13.4公里，乌普萨拉冰川为2.6公里。另一方面，布鲁根冰川在同一时期前进了5.3或8.4公里。作为地理信息系统的一项研究，对巴塔哥尼亚地区的48个冰川进行了数字化处理，并利用包含产犊率的质量平衡模型对乌普萨拉冰川和莫雷诺冰川的变化进行了模拟。结果表明，由于气候变化引起的平衡线海拔升高100 m，将导致乌普萨拉冰川锋面海拔升高200-350 m，相当于后退5-8 km，而莫雷诺冰川仅升高70-100 m。此外，数值试验使用度日的方法进行了索勒冰川。因此，降雪量减少20%只会导致锋面高度上升50米，而OC增加1%则会导致平衡线高度上升100米。进一步的实验与动力学模型计划进行。