Slope-failure mechanisms, catastrophic mass flow processes and public perception of risk in British Columbia and Southern Patagonia.

不列颠哥伦比亚省和南巴塔哥尼亚的斜坡失稳机制、灾难性质量流过程以及公众对风险的认知。

• 批准号: NE/T014210/1
• 负责人: Andrew Russell
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: Newcastle University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT014210%2F1
• 关键词: Slope; failure; mechanisms; catastrophic; mass

NERC : Holly Chubb : NE/S007512/1Mountainous environments present a variety of risks to human population in the surrounding communities. Damages resulting from triggered natural hazards can cost governments and individuals millions of pounds annually to restore public buildings, roads, and houses. Landslides in mountainous regions are a particularly deadly form of natural hazard due to their unpredictability and potential scale, resulting in thousands of deaths every year. Regions such as Canada and Chile have extensive mountainous ranges in the form of the Canadian Rockies and the Patagonian Andes respectively, placing higher populations at-risk; but this risk is often not well understood. There is still debate in the scientific community about the different factors that cause an area to be at risk of a landslide, as well as a lack of research into how to accurately communicate the posed risk to affected communities.Climate change is one of the greatest challenges that humans as a species have faced in modern history, inflating the risk of natural disasters in both frequency and magnitude with landslides being no exception. As the planet warms, ice and snow from ice sheets and glaciers is decreasing. This is an important factor as ice helps to stabilise mountain slopes by acting as a cement between rock particles. Ice loss results in large areas of unstable and weakened mountain slopes that no longer have a sufficient amount of ice to keep them intact. A small trigger, such as a day of intense rainfall or a minor earthquake, can result in the collapse of huge areas of rock creating a landslide as it progresses down slope. Research into predicting these failures and understanding how we can determine the size of a failure is essential to protect communities that live within mountainous regions. This research aims to use satellite imagery, alongside primary surveying data and sediment sampling, to help further understand this hazard. By looking at previous landslide events on satellite imagery it will be possible to identify pre-conditioning factors such as cracks, faults, or minor rock falls, that precede a movement. This information can be applied to slopes that we already understand to be unstable to monitor their deformation and predict future catastrophic failure. Sediment samples from previous landslide events will also inform us of the behaviour and dynamics of previous landslide events which could help to predict the area that a future event may affect, assisting in hazard mitigation strategies.Both the Mount Meager Massif and Southern Patagonian Ice field have experienced ice loss at an unprecedented rate in the 21st century as a consequence of climate change, which makes it highly likely that their communities will continue to suffer from increased and more frequent landslide events. Populations are also increasing in these areas, further extending the impact of landslide risk. It is therefore important that any research undertaken in this field is communicated to local people in an understandable and informative manner. This requires investigation into the existing perception of risk from landslides and how individuals would like both scientific organisations and research teams, as well as governments, to communicate this risk to them. It is only through geographical and social research, combined with effective communication strategies, that this risk can be effectively mitigated.

NERC: Holly Chubb: NE/ s007512 /1山区环境对周围社区的人口构成各种风险。由自然灾害引发的损害每年要花费政府和个人数百万英镑来修复公共建筑、道路和房屋。山区的山体滑坡由于其不可预测性和潜在的规模，是一种特别致命的自然灾害，每年造成数千人死亡。加拿大和智利等地区分别以加拿大落基山脉和巴塔哥尼亚安第斯山脉的形式拥有广泛的山脉，使更多的人口处于危险之中；但这种风险往往没有得到很好的理解。科学界仍然在争论导致一个地区面临滑坡风险的不同因素，以及缺乏对如何准确地向受影响社区传达所构成的风险的研究。气候变化是人类作为一个物种在现代历史上面临的最大挑战之一，它增加了自然灾害发生的频率和规模，山体滑坡也不例外。随着地球变暖，冰盖和冰川上的冰雪正在减少。这是一个重要的因素，因为冰作为岩石颗粒之间的粘合剂，有助于稳定山坡。冰的损失导致大面积的不稳定和脆弱的山坡，不再有足够的冰来保持它们的完整。一个小的触发因素，比如一天的强降雨或一次小地震，都可能导致大片岩石的崩塌，在滑坡的过程中形成山体滑坡。研究如何预测这些失败，了解如何确定失败的规模，对于保护山区社区至关重要。这项研究的目的是利用卫星图像，以及主要的调查数据和沉积物采样，来帮助进一步了解这种危害。通过在卫星图像上查看以前的滑坡事件，就有可能识别出运动之前的先决条件，如裂缝、断层或小的岩石坠落。这些信息可以应用于我们已经了解的不稳定的斜坡，以监测其变形并预测未来的灾难性破坏。以前滑坡事件的沉积物样本也将告诉我们以前滑坡事件的行为和动态，这有助于预测未来滑坡事件可能影响的地区，协助制定减灾战略。由于气候变化，蒂尼山和南巴塔哥尼亚冰原在21世纪都经历了前所未有的冰损失，这使得它们的社区很有可能继续遭受越来越多和更频繁的山体滑坡事件。这些地区的人口也在增加，进一步扩大了滑坡风险的影响。因此，在这一领域进行的任何研究都必须以一种可理解和翔实的方式传达给当地人民。这需要调查人们对滑坡风险的现有认知，以及个人希望科学组织和研究团队以及政府如何向他们传达这种风险。只有通过地理和社会研究，结合有效的传播战略，才能有效地减轻这种风险。