Precise Measurement of Properties of Monolayrs and in situ Observation of Structural Change of Them

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Insoluble monolayrs on the water surface are the most fundamental existence of the amphiphatic materials, such as surfactants and long-chain acids or alcohols. It was difficult to study the structure of monolayrs in molecular order because of the ultrathin character of the films and/or trace amount of materials. We have constructed a Brewster Angle Microscope(BAM) which was developed at France in 1991. Our BAM can observe structure in monolayrs directly at the resolution of 10mum. We did in situ observation of the structural change of monolayrs with phase transitions, with changing temperature and pressure, and by addition of divalent metal ions using BAM.We have also studied photopolymerization of long-chain derivatives of diacetylene by using the instantaneous multichannel photospectroscopy. We have developed a temperature-programmable Langmuir trough of very high performance using a large amount of Peltier elements. With this instrument, we have found a curious phase transition of a monolayr accompanying area contraction with increasing temperature.