STUDY ON CRITICAL SOLUTION PHENOMENA AND CAHN TRANSITION

1热力学研究了水、正庚烷和乙二醇单丁醚(C4E1)组成的三元两相体系的相行为。用气-液色谱在常压下准确地测定了C4E1总浓度和温度对水相和正庚烷相组成的影响。提出了一种新的两相平衡理想判据，并用所获得的组成数据进行了检验。确定了两相的理想稀溶液行为的组成区域作为温度的函数。结果表明，在较低的温度下，C4E1在水相中的聚集体形成较快，在较高温度下，较高的温度下，C4E1在正庚烷相中的聚集体的形成较快。此外，不是通过量热法而是通过将热力学应用于组成数据来评估醚分子从水到正庚烷相的转移的熵和热能。转账被发现是给…的测定了常压下常温下水-壬烷-乙二醇单丁醚(C4E1)三元两相体系的界面张力随C4E1总摩尔分数的变化关系。对实验结果的热力学分析表明，该值不应与C4E1的总摩尔分数作图，而应与正庚烷和水相的平衡分数作图。结果表明，随着表面密度的增加，C4E1在正庚烷/水界面上的吸附熵减小，在水相中的吸附熵增大。在C4E1分子吸附和转移热力学的基础上对其吸附进行了讨论。3利用视频显微镜测量了长链醇在空气/水界面的透镜的二面角。观察到了醇界面膜的相变、润湿-非润湿转变以及水相侵入气/醇界面。此外，根据界面张力的大小考察了二面角的大小。较少

1 The phase behavior of ternary two-phase system composed of water, nonane, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether(C4E1) was investigated thermodynamically. The compositions of the water and nonane phases were measured precisely as a function of total concentration of C4E1 and temperature under atmospheric pressure by gas liquid chromatography. A new kind of criterion of ideality for the two-phase equilibrium was proposed and examined by using the composition data obtained. The composition region of ideal dilute solution behavior was determined for the two phases as a function of temperature. It was suggested that the formation of aggregate of C4E1 in the water phase is enhanced at lower temperatures and that in the nonane phase does at higher temperatures, respectively. Furthermore the entropy and enthapy of transfer of ether molecules from the water to the nonane phase were evaluated not by calorimetry but by applying the thermodynamics to the composition data. The transfer was found to … More accompany the positive entropy and be endothermic.2 The interfacial tension of the ternary two-phase system of water -nonane- ethylene glycol monobutyl ether(C4E1) was measured as a function of the total mole fraction of C4E1 at siz temperatures under atmospheric pressure. To analyze the experimental results thermodynamically, it was shown that the value should be plotted not against the total mole fraction of C4E1 but against the equilibrium one in the nonane and water phases. It was found that the entropy of adsorption of C4E1 from the nonane phase decreases and that from the water phase increases from the entropy of the pure nonane/water interface formation with increasing the surface density of C4E1. The adsorption was discussed on the basis of the thermodynamic quantities of adsorption and transfer of C4E1 molecules.3 The dihedral angle of the lens of long chain alcohol at air/water interface was measured by using video microscopy. The phase transition of the interfacial film of alcohol, wetting-nonwetting transition, and the intruding of water phase into air/alcohol interface was observed. Furthermore the dihedral angles were examined by the values of interfacial tension. Less