Genetic diversity in key regulator genes and their association with environmental, forest management and biodiversity gradients

决定适应性性状（如萌芽时间和抗冻/耐旱性）的候选基因的遗传变异通常表现出等位基因频率沿着环境梯度的梯度变异，这是局部适应的结果。然而，过去生殖材料的转移可能导致当地不适应的基因型，这些基因型对非生物（例如，晚霜）和生物胁迫（例如，虫害）。虽然基础树种的遗传结构已被证明对少数选定物种的生物和非生物环境有影响，但在具有不同管理历史的种群中，适应性遗传结构与生物多样性之间的关联尚未沿着环境梯度进行研究。生物多样性探索站的大量生物多样性指数和环境变量使这些关联分析能够解开基因和物种多样性、环境变量和植物适合度之间的相互关系。该提案的主要目标是探索基础树种的遗传多样性如何响应土地利用强度的变化，以及它如何与真菌、动物和微生物多样性以及非生物因素。在森林水青冈树中，负责适应性性状如开花时间、萌芽或干旱胁迫耐受性的关键调节基因的遗传变异将被表征。和欧洲云杉Picea abies（L.）H.Karst.在所有的森林地块。将确定适应性遗传多样性，并将其与生物和非生物因素联系起来。多样性小组也将被用来调查适应性遗传多样性和生存/健身在山毛榉易位实验之间的关系。将与Andrea波勒工作组（项目：ECTOMYC，哥廷根大学）联合，在多森林裂区实验中进一步确定地下和地上遗传多样性，并与菌根多样性相关。最后，我们将与ECTOMYC合作，分析真菌多样性与树种多样性，环境数据和根系养分的关联，以揭示树种，管理，根系养分和环境因素对真菌时空周转的影响。

Genetic variation in candidate genes responsible for adaptive traits such as the timing of bud burst and frost/drought tolerance often shows clinal variation in allele frequencies along environmental gradients as result of local adaptation. However, transfer of reproductive material in the past could have resulted in locally maladapted genotypes which are susceptible to abiotic (e.g., late frosts) and biotic stresses (e.g., insect damage). While the genetic structure of foundation tree species was shown to have an effect on the biotic and abiotic environment in a few selected species, the association between adaptive genetic structure and biodiversity has not been studied along environmental gradients in populations with different management histories. The large set of biodiversity indices and environmental variables in the Biodiversity Exploratories enables these kind of association analyses to disentangle the interrelationships between diversity of genes and species, environmental variables and plant fitness.The main objectives of the proposal are to explore how genetic diversity in foundation tree species responds to changes in land use intensity and how it relates to fungal, animal and microbial diversity and to abiotic factors. Genetic variation in key regulator genes responsible for adaptive traits such as flowering time, bud burst or drought stress tolerance will be characterized in trees of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. at all forest plots. Adaptive genetic diversity will be determined and associated with biotic and abiotic factors. The diversity panel will also be used to investigate the relationship between adaptive genetic diversity and survival/fitness in the beech translocation experiments. Below and above ground genetic diversity will further be determined in the multi-forest-split-plot-experiment and related to mycorrhizal diversity, jointly with the working group of Andrea Polle (project: ECTOMYC, University of Göttingen). Finally, we will analyze associations of fungal diversity with tree species diversity, environmental data and root nutrients to uncover the impact of tree species, management, root nutrients and environmental factors on fungal temporal and spatial turn-over in cooperation with ECTOMYC.