Volume 1: Craft Production in the Mongol Empire. Karakorum and its ArtisansVolume 2: A Layered History of Karakorum. Stratigraphy and Periodization in the City Center

论文内容为13、14世纪蒙古帝国的第一个首都——蒙古喀喇昆仑中部的考古遗迹。波恩Universität从2000年到2005年，在中央十字路口以南的一个地区进行了挖掘，发现了使用铁、有色金属、贵金属、玻璃、矿物石头、骨头以及可能的桦树皮的车间的证据。深度达4米的大量职业层暗示了挖掘区域复杂的时间序列。在这些遗存的基础上，该研究询问了以手工业生产为重点的城市经济与蒙古世界帝国的政治精英是如何交织在一起的。迄今为止，已在初步报告和单一发现组目录中公布了具体方面。到目前为止，还没有对这些讲习班的时间深度进行详细分析。然而，这种分析对于评价城市全盛时期的功能和超区域地位具有内在的重要性。由于涉及的材料较多，论文将分两卷出版。第一卷《蒙古帝国的工艺生产》。《喀喇昆仑及其工匠》关注的是手工业生产的问题及其对蒙古精英的可能依赖。本研究首次对现代蒙古地区长达200年的定居点手工业作坊的发展进行了详细的研究。对手工艺生产及其分布的发现，以及用于手工艺的特征和装置的分布的分析，使我们对城市历史有了结构性的了解，这远远超过了我们从已知的书面资料中可以发现的信息。生产组织的问题是基于凯西·l·科斯汀的框架，并通过对文本来源的仔细检查来回答的。第二卷《喀喇昆仑的分层历史》。城市中心的地层学和年代学“呈现了波恩大学发掘过程中记录的沉降层序列的年代系统。这个系统不仅作为研讨会讨论的基础（卷1），而且也将成为未来关于其他材料组工作的权威基础。在方法学上，沉降层的相对年代制取决于各层的沉积顺序。这种层的相对顺序由建筑结构的可行组合和房间地面平面图的重建所产生的认知序列所支持。树木年代学分析、放射性碳测年、硬币以及1372年的印章都为相对系统的绝对测年提供了依据。

The thesis covers the archaeological remains from the middle of Karakorum in Mongolia, the first capital of Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries. Excavations by Bonn Universität from 2000 to 2005 in an area south of the central crossroads brought evidence for workshops that used iron, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, glass, mineral stones, bones as well as possibly birch bark. Massive occupation layers of up to four meters depth hint to a complex temporal sequence of use in the excavated areas. On the basis of these remains, the study asks in which ways the economy of the city focused on the handicraft production was intertwined with the political elite of the Mongol world empire. Specific aspects have been hitherto published in preliminary reports and by way of catalogues of single find groups. A detailed analysis of these workshops in their temporal depth had been missing so far. Such an analysis, however, would be of immanent importance for the evaluation of the function and supra-regional standing of the city at its heyday. Due to the amount of covered materials, the thesis will be published in two volumes. The first volume „Craft Production in the Mongol Empire. Karakorum and its Artisans” focuses on the question of handicraft production and its possible dependence on Mongolian elites. For the first time, the present work contributes a detailed study on the development of handicraft workshops of a settlement site covering a temporal breadth of about 200 years for the area of modern-day Mongolia. The analysis of finds that indicate craft production and their distribution as well as the distribution of features and installations used for handicraft allow structural insights into the city history, which far exceed information detectable from written sources known to us. The question of the organization of production is answered based on the framework by Cathy L. Costin and through close examination of textual sources. The second volume “A Layered History of Karakorum. Stratigraphy and periodization in the city center“ presents a chronological system for the sequence of settlement layers as documented during the excavations of Bonn University. This system served not only as a basis for thediscussion of the workshops (volume 1) but will also be the authoritative foundation for future works on other material groups. In methodological terms, the relative chronological system of the settlement layers rests on the depositional sequence of layers. This relative sequence of layers is supported by a cognitive sequence that results from a feasible combination of building structures, a reconstruction of room ground plans. Dendrochronological analyses, radiocarbon dates, coins, as well as a dated seal of 1372 feed into the absolute dating of the relative system.