Composting of Separated Soil from Root Vegetables and Other Agricultural Residues and its Sterilizing Effect

根类蔬菜等农残分离土的堆肥及其杀菌效果

• 批准号: 60460214
• 负责人: KAWAMURA Shuso
• 金额: $ 4.48万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1985 至 1986
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60460214/
• 关键词: Composting; Plant pathogen; Forced aeration pile method; Sterilizing; Sugar beet; 殺菌; てん菜

Separated soil from root vegetables (Sugar beets) contains not only organic matter and nutrition for plants but also a lot of pathogenic bacterias. Because of this reason it can not be returned to farm lands without sterilizing treatment in order to prevent diffusion of bacterias. A sterilizing method using microorganisms is expected to be a low cost and mass treatment.This project is carried out to find out a practical sterilizing method of the separated soil using heat generated from composting.The conclusions are as follows;1. When sugar beet manufactoring wastes which include separated soil are available for composting, optimum operating conditions are as follows; Mixing ratio(weight); Separated soil: Surplus sewage sludge: CSF(Concentrated Steffen Filtrate): Wheat straw = 81:13:2:4, Moisture content; 45% wd., Aeration rate; 0.5 1/min.kg DM, Aeration time; Blower on 6 min., Blower off 14 min., 20 min. cycle.2. To begin to raise temperature of compost rapidly, material temperature should be maintained above at least 5゜C, if possible above 10゜C.3. Killing of pathogens results from a combination of time and temperature. Pathogens are killed completely if the temperature of compost is kept above 55゜C for 3 weeks.4. Temperature of the compost rises rapidly during even the coldest winter, if the above operating parameters are within optimum ranges. But temperature difference between surface or bottom part and central part may often arise without sufficient insulators.5. The separated soil after composting (Produced compost) has a high pH value and inhibits germination of plants, but after curing it has very good effect on plant growth and disease inhibition.6. This forced aeration pile method can be applied to the composting of every agricultural residue as long as a bulking agent like wheat straw or wood chips is available.

从根茎类蔬菜(甜菜)中分离出来的土壤不仅含有有机质和植物营养物质，而且含有大量的病原菌。因此，如果不进行消毒处理以防止细菌扩散，则不能将其归还农田。微生物杀菌方法是一种低成本、大批量的处理方法。本项目旨在探索一种实用的利用堆肥产生的热量对分离土壤进行杀菌的方法。结论如下：1.当甜菜生产废弃物中含有分离土壤可用于堆肥时，最佳操作条件为：混合比(重量)；分离土壤：剩余污泥：CSF(浓缩斯特芬滤液)：麦草=81：13：2：4，含水率；45%wd，通气量；0.51/min·kg DM，曝气时间；鼓风机开启6分钟，关闭14分钟，20分钟。循环2.为了开始快速提高堆肥温度，材料温度应保持在至少5゜C以上，如果可能的话，保持在10゜C.3以上。杀死病原体是时间和温度共同作用的结果。堆肥温度保持在55゜℃以上3周即可完全杀灭病原菌。如果上述操作参数在最佳范围内，即使在最冷的冬天，堆肥的温度也会迅速上升。但是，如果没有足够的绝缘层，表面或底部与中心部分之间往往会出现温差。堆肥后的土壤pH值较高，对植物萌发有抑制作用，但固化后对植物生长和病害有很好的抑制作用。这种强制通风堆肥法可以应用于每一种农业残渣的堆肥，只要有麦秆或木屑等膨胀剂就行。

项目成果

Juzo Matsuda: "Composting with Beet Sugar Manufactory Wastes (Part 1 )" Journal of the Society of Agricultural Machinery, Hokkaido Section, Japan. 22. 149-154 (1981)

Juzo Matsuda：“用甜菜糖制造厂废物进行堆肥（第 1 部分）”农业机械学会杂志，北海道分会，日本。

Juzo Matsuda: "Composting with Beet Sugar Manufactory Wastes ( Part 2 )" Journal of the Society of Agricultural Machinery, Hokkaido Section, Japan. 23. 1-6 (1982)

Juzo Matsuda：“用甜菜糖制造厂废物进行堆肥（第 2 部分）”农业机械学会杂志，北海道分会，日本。

樋元淳一: 農業機械学会北海道支部会報. 24. 107-111 (1983)

Junichi Himoto：日本农业机械学会北海道分会通报。24. 107-111 (1983)。

Juzo Matsuda: "Composting of Beet Sugar Manufactory Waste and its Sterilizing Effect (Part 1 )" Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery. 47(3). 329-335 (1985)

松田十三：“甜菜糖厂废弃物的堆肥化及其杀菌效果（第1部分）”日本农业机械学会杂志。

松田從三: 農業機械学会誌. 47(3). 329-335 (1985)

松田 J.：日本农业机械学会杂志 47(3) 329-335 (1985)。