Legislative Process and the Change of Socio-Economic Structure: A Comparative Analysis of Japan and U.S.A.

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1.Main Purpose: To investigate the Japanese public policy and policy process in their relations to historical change of Japanese socio-economic process and structure.2.Method: To compare the Japanese policy and policy process with American policy and policy process.To construct a database of Japanese public policy.To apply the statictical method to trend analysis of policy-making.3.Result : (A) We distinguish 4 histolical stages of Japanese policy process after World War II : period of (1) reconstruction(1945-1960), (2) high economic-social growth(1960-1973), (3) turbulence(1973-1980) and (4) recovery(1980- ). Each has peculiar characteristics in agenda, issue processing style and policy results.(B) Japan's industrial policy, science-technology policy, agricultual policy, lsbor policy, consumer protection policy, forign policy are analysed in their details through above mentioned periods.(C) It is notable that the quantity of policy decision is increasing remarkably from 1970s, especially in the form of orders of ministries and administrative enactments. The phenomenon is caused mainly by the socio-economic and international change of japan.