Legislative Process and the Change of Socio-Economic Structure: A Comparative Analysis of Japan and U.S.A.

1.主要目的：研究方法：比较日本与美国的公共政策和政策过程，建立日本公共政策数据库，运用统计学方法对政策制定的趋势进行分析。（A）我们区分了二战后日本政策过程的四个历史阶段：重建时期（1945-1960年），经济社会高速增长时期（1960-1973年），动荡时期（1973-1980年）和复苏时期（1980-）。它们在议程、议题处理方式和政策效果上各具特色。(B)详细分析了日本在上述时期的产业政策、科技政策、农业政策、利率政策、消费者保护政策、对外政策。(C)值得注意的是，自20世纪70年代以来，政策决定的数量显著增加，特别是以部委命令和行政法规的形式。这一现象主要是由日本社会经济和国际形势的变化造成的。

1.Main Purpose: To investigate the Japanese public policy and policy process in their relations to historical change of Japanese socio-economic process and structure.2.Method: To compare the Japanese policy and policy process with American policy and policy process.To construct a database of Japanese public policy.To apply the statictical method to trend analysis of policy-making.3.Result : (A) We distinguish 4 histolical stages of Japanese policy process after World War II : period of (1) reconstruction(1945-1960), (2) high economic-social growth(1960-1973), (3) turbulence(1973-1980) and (4) recovery(1980- ). Each has peculiar characteristics in agenda, issue processing style and policy results.(B) Japan's industrial policy, science-technology policy, agricultual policy, lsbor policy, consumer protection policy, forign policy are analysed in their details through above mentioned periods.(C) It is notable that the quantity of policy decision is increasing remarkably from 1970s, especially in the form of orders of ministries and administrative enactments. The phenomenon is caused mainly by the socio-economic and international change of japan.