The study of basic concepts of electrocatalyst designs

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1. Design of electrocatalysts by ad-atoms.(1) Effect of ad-atoms on a photoelectrochemical water splitting, an oxidation of CO, and a reduction of CO_2 on semiconductor electrodes. Distinctive enhancements and selectivity of reaction products by atomically dispersed Pt ad-atoms have obtained in comparison with previous works, which appeared at the coverage of surface with ad-atoms of ca. 0.5.(2) Effect of ad-atoms on the elementally steps of electrooxidation of alcholes and the relating compounds on platinum electrodes. It was revealed that oxygen-adsorbing ad-atoms can enhance either the first or the following steps in the successive reactions, but non-oxygen-adsorbing ad-atoms inhibit the first elementary step, in the inhibition of the tolal reaction.2. Electrocatalytic activity of single crystyal planes for the oxidation of methanol and the relating compounds. Prepared surfaces of Pt and Ir were identified electrochemically. The maps of the activity and the tolerance to self-inhibition have been made, which showed great difference smong the surfaces.3. Break-through to the so-called "crystallite size effect" on highly dispersed Pt catalyst.The problem was solved by using high surface area support, resulting in extremely high activity at the ultra-fine catalyst of a crystallite diameter of ca. 1.4 nm.