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Fundamental Studies on the Spatial Variation of Energy and Material Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems.

农业生态系统能量和物质循环空间变化的基础研究。

基本信息

批准号：
61470120
负责人：
SAKUMA Toshio
金额：
$ 3.52万
依托单位：
Hokkido university
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Detailed soil surveys were conducted to make clear the influence of micro-topographical condition on the spatial variation of soil properties, especially energy and water balance of soil plant system. To get a good grasp of spatial patterns several methods for image processing, including a thermal image processyr, were introduced and checked by detailed soil examinations in the field. The results can be summarized as follows.1. After the detailed terrain analysis several survey areas were selected in the hilly areas of Hokkaido and systematically sampled at sites fixed by a 20x20m grid in the field. Large scale maps of soil properties, especially of 137Cs, were prepared and compared with the results of terrain analysis. The spatial distribution of radioactive fallouts(137Cs) in the hilly areas was closely dependent upon the denudation-sedimentation processes of the solid soil materials that was controlled mainly by slope morphology and position at which sites were located.2. Methods for automatic quantitative photo-interpretation were studied to make a good grasp of the spatial distribution of soil condition. A sensor which measures the intensity of reflected red light were useful to measure the density of ordinary aerial photographs.3. A thermal image processor(INFRA-EYE5000) was effective for the purpose to grasp the energy balance of the soils and vegetated surfaces. Because of the soil surface temperature was controlled by the cooling due to evapolation from the surface under consideration, the energy and water flow across the surface and their spatial variation could be evaluated by using the physical models. Based on the results described above, routine procedures for the measurement by using the apparatus in the field and analytical methods for studies on the spatial variation of energy and water balance of soils were worked out.

通过详细的土壤调查，研究了微地形条件对土壤性质空间变异的影响，特别是对土壤-植物系统能量和水分平衡的影响。为了更好地掌握空间格局，介绍了几种图像处理方法，包括热图像处理器，并通过实地详细的土壤检查进行了检查。研究结果如下：1.在详细的地形分析后，在北海道的丘陵地区选择了几个调查区域，并在野外以20 × 20米网格固定的地点进行了系统采样。大比例尺的土壤性质，特别是137 Cs，地图的制备和地形分析的结果进行了比较。放射性沉降物（137 Cs）在丘陵区的空间分布与固体土壤物质的剥蚀-沉积过程密切相关，而固体土壤物质的剥蚀-沉积过程主要受坡面形态和场地位置的控制.为了更好地把握土壤状况的空间分布，研究了自动定量判读方法。测量反射红光强度的传感器可用于测量普通航空航天器的密度。红外热图像处理器（INFRA-EYE 5000）是有效的，掌握土壤和植被表面的能量平衡的目的。由于土壤表面温度受地表蒸发冷却的控制，因此可以通过物理模型来评估地表能量和水分的流动及其空间变化。在此基础上，提出了利用该仪器进行田间测定的常规方法和研究土壤能量和水分平衡空间变异的分析方法。