Agro-ecological Survey of Ultisol-Oxisol Area in South America

南美洲Ultisol-Oxisol地区农业生态调查

• 批准号: 63043005
• 负责人: SAKUMA Toshio
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63043005/
• 关键词: Amazon river system; Agro-ecological survey; Cerrado; Amazon forest; Oxisols; Ultisols; 熱帯・亜熱帯農業システム

To understand the agro-ecological condition in tropical South America, the area extending from central to western Brazil was surveyed. (1) Brazilian Highland(Cerrado) is characterized by a dry climate and vast uplands with Oxisols. On the uplands, pasture-beef cattle system has been common, but grain crop systems are growing rapidly in recent years. (2) Pantanal is a vast lowland which is flooded seasonally every year, and is occupied by fertile Entisols. Seasonal beef-cattle system is a unique farming system in this region. (3) Upper Amazon Basin is characterized by humid climate, vast lowlands with Inceptisols or Entisols and tropical rain forest. Framing activities in this region are yet low. (4) The agro-ecological condition of Transition Region is intermediate between that in Cerrado and in rain forest. (5) Vast irrigated rice fields in Varzea are well managed and demonstrate that the potential of irrigated rice production is high throughout the survey area. (6) It is urgently needed to collect reliable data on photosynthetic capacity and water and soil conservation capacity of natural and manmade environments to enable the prediction of global influence caused by large scale modification of vegetation in this area.

为了解南美洲热带地区的农业生态状况，对巴西中部至西部地区进行了调查。(1)巴西塞拉多高原气候干燥，高原广阔，土壤丰富。在高地上，放牧-肉牛系统已经很常见，但近年来粮食作物系统正在迅速发展。(2)潘塔纳尔是一个巨大的低地，每年季节性地被淹没，并被肥沃的Entisols所占据。季节性肉牛系统是该地区独特的农业系统。(3)上亚马逊流域气候湿润，低地广阔，有始壤或始壤和热带雨林。该地区的框架活动还很少。(4)过渡区的农业生态条件介于塞拉多和热带雨林之间。(5) Varzea的大片灌溉稻田管理良好，表明整个调查地区灌溉水稻生产的潜力很高。(6)迫切需要收集自然和人工环境的光合能力和水土保持能力的可靠数据，以便预测该地区大规模植被改造对全球的影响。