AN OBSERVATION SYSTEM FOR ENERGY AND MATERIAL CYCLING IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

设计了一套由太阳能电池辅助直流电源、数据处理器、记录仪和传输装置组成的观测系统，用于在无交流电源的森林山区观测太阳辐射、气温、湿度、风速、土壤温度、土壤吸水性、土壤体积含水量等小气候和土壤项目。1992年8月至1994年2月在Teshio Nakanomine对该系统进行了可行性测试（第44号）。59^-, e.142。08^-，海拔330米)。主要设备，如数据处理器、记录仪和传输设备，即使在非常恶劣的冬季条件下也能正常工作。然而，在初冬期间，太阳能电池板上的积雪严重降低了直流电源装置的性能。为了避免冬季直流电源不足导致系统误操作，需要每月至少进行1次维护工作。TDR土壤水分计在系统中得到了满意的应用，但存在节电效率低的问题。建议为TDR湿度计提供专用直流电源，以避免整个系统的错误工作。研制了一种适用于森林土壤的小型流型电导率传感器。

An observation system, including solar battery aided DC power sources, data processor, logger, and transmission devices, was designed to observe micro-climate and soil items, such as solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, wind speed, soil temperature, soil water suction, volumetric soil water content and so on, in forested mountainous areas without any AC-source. Feasibility tests for the system was conducted from August 1992 to February 1994 at Nakanomine, Teshio (N.44。 59^-, E.142。 08^-, altitude 330m). Major devices, e.g.data processor, logger and transmission devices worked well even under very severe winter condition. However, the capability of the DC power source apparatus was strongly reduced by snow deposition upon solar battery pannels suring early winter. Frequent maintainance works at least 1/month was required to avoid erroneous works of the system due to shortage of DC power supply in winter.A TDR soil moisture meter was satisfactorily introduced to the system but it's low efficiency of electric power saving was some-what problematic. It was recommended that an exclusive DC-source for the TDR moisture meter must be provided to avoid erroneous works of the whole system. A small flow-type electric conductivity sensor was also developed for forest soils.