EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON GEOCHEMICAL CYCLING OF MATERIALS IN BIOSPHERE

生物过程对生物圈物质地球化学循环的影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    02454057
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 3.84万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    日本
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
  • 财政年份:
    1990
  • 资助国家:
    日本
  • 起止时间:
    1990 至 1992
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Observations on the material cycling in some forest ecosystems were conducted and the influences of acidic deposition on the processes were discussed. The composition and pH of acidic deposition were strongly modified by accumulation, intake, base release, and excretion of organic compounds from forest canopy. Under deciduous forests, throughfall pHs were significantly higher than rainfall pHs, but those under coniferous forests were generally lower than rainfall pHs. Apparently, conifers were more effective as the collector of air pollutants. The efficiency of Pinus strobus were more than three times of mixed deciduous forests. The O horizon of forest floor showed strong pH-buffering, especially under deciduous forests. It acid neutralizing capacity was estimated as large as 20 - 30 times of present H^+ load in the area under consideration. On the other hand, the pHs of soil solution were largely controlled by soil processes, such as nitrification and base exchange phenemena. The cycling of sulfer and nitrogen in the forest ecosystems was not, so far, affected by atmospheric inputs, but self-controlled by characteristic biochemical processes of the forest ecosystems. The discharge and water quality of stream channels were also affected by biological processes in forest stand and surface soil horizons. In addition, the flux of dry deposition onto snow surface was considerable, 30-100mumolc m^<-2> day^<-2> for major ions. The influence of acidic air-pollutants was enhanced by accumulation and transport in snow-pack during winter time.
对森林生态系统物质循环进行了观测,并讨论了酸沉降对森林生态系统物质循环的影响。酸性沉积的组成和pH值强烈修改的积累,摄入量,碱释放,和排泄的有机化合物从森林冠层。在落叶林下,穿透水pH值显着高于降雨pH值,但针叶林下的穿透水pH值普遍低于降雨pH值。显然,针叶树作为空气污染物的收集器更有效。白松林的林分利用效率是落叶阔叶混交林的3倍以上。林下土壤O层表现出较强的pH缓冲作用,尤其是在落叶林下。据估计,它的酸中和能力是所考虑地区目前H^+负荷的20 - 30倍。另一方面,土壤溶液的pH值在很大程度上是由土壤过程,如硝化和碱交换phenemena。到目前为止,森林生态系统中硫和氮的循环不受大气输入的影响,但森林生态系统的特征生物化学过程的自我控制。河流的流量和水质也受到林分和表层土壤生物过程的影响。此外,雪面干沉降通量也很大,主要离子为30- 100 μ mol·m·<-2>d·<-2>。冬季酸性空气污染物在积雪中的积累和输送增强了其影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(32)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
T.Sakuma and H.Domoto: "An observation on the acid load caused by dry deposition at Tesio and Tomakomai in Hokkaido" Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.
T.Sakuma 和 H.Domoto:“北海道 Tesio 和苫小牧干沉降引起的酸负荷观察”土壤科学与植物营养。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
柴田 英昭ほか: "土壌溶液の化学組成に及ぼす酸性降下物の影響と森林植生の緩衝機構" 北海道大学演習林試験年報. 10. 8-9 (1992)
Hideaki Shibata 等:“酸性沉降物对土壤溶液化学成分的影响和森林植被的缓冲机制”北海道大学实验森林实验年度报告(1992)。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
SAKUMA T., H. DOMOTO, F. SATOH, S. KOBAYASI, AND Y. TANAKA: "A foliar extraction method for the estimation of acidic dry deposition by using potted young trees." Ann. Rep. Exp. Forest Faculty of Agric., Hokkaido Univ., (in Japanese). 10. 4-5 (1992)
SAKUMA T.、H. DOMOTO、F. SATOH、S. KOBAYASI 和 Y. TANAKA:“一种利用盆栽幼树估算酸性干沉降的叶面提取方法。”
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
H.Shibata,A.Tomita and T.Sakuma: "Factors controlling the acidity of wet deposition at Takaoka.Tomakomai Experiment Forest in Hokkaido" Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.
H.Shibata、A.Tomita 和 T.Sakuma:“控制北海道高冈、苫小牧实验林湿沉降酸度的因素”土壤科学与植物营养。
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
A.Tomita,H.Sibata and T.Sakuma: "A comparison on the sulfer cycling of deciduous and coniferous forests in Tomakomai Experiment Forest in Hokkaido" Soil Science and Plant Nutrition.
A.Tomita,H.Sibata 和 T.Sakuma:“北海道苫小牧实验林中落叶林和针叶林硫循环的比较”土壤科学与植物营养。
  • DOI:
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  • 影响因子:
    0
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SAKUMA Toshio其他文献

SAKUMA Toshio的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('SAKUMA Toshio', 18)}}的其他基金

The development of the position/torque control system using the shape-memory alloy and development of the design support tool
使用形状记忆合金的位置/扭矩控制系统的开发及设计支持工具的开发
  • 批准号:
    24560298
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.84万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
The improvements of temperature-response of shape memory alloy and the trial manufacture of the three-dimensional positioning system.
形状记忆合金温度响应的改进及三维定位系统的试制。
  • 批准号:
    19560095
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.84万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
AN OBSERVATION SYSTEM FOR ENERGY AND MATERIAL CYCLING IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
森林生态系统能量和物质循环观测系统
  • 批准号:
    04556008
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.84万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
Agro-ecological Survey of Ultisol-Oxisol Area in South America
南美洲Ultisol-Oxisol地区农业生态调查
  • 批准号:
    63043005
  • 财政年份:
    1987
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.84万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research
Fundamental Studies on the Spatial Variation of Energy and Material Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems.
农业生态系统能量和物质循环空间变化的基础研究。
  • 批准号:
    61470120
  • 财政年份:
    1986
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.84万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
Use of stable isotopes in the studies on cycling of water and ions in ecosystem.
稳定同位素在生态系统中水和离子循环研究中的应用。
  • 批准号:
    60860008
  • 财政年份:
    1985
  • 资助金额:
    $ 3.84万
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research

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    2403882
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