BEHAVIOR OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN ANDO-SOIL AND THEIR ROLES ON CROP GROWTH

安藤土中囊泡-丛枝菌根真菌的行为及其对作物生长的作用

• 批准号: 61470123
• 负责人: HIRATA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 3.9万
• 依托单位: Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology (Tokyo Noko University)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61470123/
• 关键词: Humus rich Ando-soil; Vesicular-Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Differences in agronomic practice; Mulching; Charcoal; Phosphorus nutrition; Host specificity; Herbicides; Non-mycorrhizal crops; 輪作; VAミコリザ形成とポリマルチ; VAミコリザ菌胞子; VAミコリザ菌の宿主特異生; Glom

1. Behavior of VA mycorrhizal fungi in University farm field - humus rich Ando-soil - was studied in relation to the differences in agronomic practices. Total number of VAM fungus spores (>53 um) collected from forage crop field was around 400-600 per 100g air dry soil, in which Gromus spp. occupied more than 99%, whereas only a few numbers of Gigaspora margarita and Scutellospora gregaria were detected. Though several differences in species of Gromus spp. were recognized, those were not yet identified. 2. The effects of continuous application of farmyard manure and phosphatic fertilizer on VAM infection and the growth of maize and winter wheat were examined. Farmyard manure and phosphatic fertilizer decreased additively the VAM infection on both crops, in which maximum infection reached up to 45-50 % at silking stage of maize and at reproductive stage of wheat. Positive coorelations between VAM infection % and P % in shoots were observed at the stage of maximum infection. However, the … More interrelationships between VAM infection % and dry weight of shoots whenever shown in significance were always negative. 3. Mulching with polyethylene film promoted the soybean growth through higher temperature in surface soil (increase in about 5-10 c), inducing in P absorption at earlier stage due to accerelation of VAM infection as well as the increase in nodule formation. Charcoal application to the soil also enhanced VAM infection through preparing favorable micro-environment for VAM fungi in rhizosphere, resulting in increase in plant growth under not only low, but relatively higher fertility condition. 4. The one of Gromus spp., not yet identified (surface colour of spore was yellow), isolated from forage crop field stimulated extremely soybean and chickpea growth in pots with sterilized Ando-soil having 63.3ppm of Bray II-P, resulting in more than 300% in grain yield and 500% in P in shoots as compared with control, whereas there was no significant promotion in wheat and maize growth, indicating that there may be some host specificities among VAM fungi. Few resposes of soybean and chickpea to Gigaspora margarita were observed under the same condition. 5. Continuous application of herbicides (3 years) to the soil decreased VAM fungus spores only when non-mycrrhizal crops (cabbage) were continuously cultivated. Less

1.研究了VA菌根真菌在大学农田-富含腐殖质的安多土壤中的行为与农艺措施的差异。从牧草地采集到的VAM真菌孢子（>53 μ m）总数约为400-600个/100 g风干土壤，其中格劳默斯属（Gromus spp.）占99%以上，而只有少量的Gigaspora margarita和Scutellospora gregaria。虽然在种类上存在一些差异。已经被确认，但还没有被确认。2.研究了连续施用农家肥和磷肥对玉米和冬小麦VA菌根感染和生长的影响。施用农家肥和磷肥对两种作物VAM的侵染率有相加作用，玉米吐丝期和小麦生殖生长期的侵染率最高，达45- 50%。在最大侵染期，VAM侵染率与地上部P %呈显著正相关。但 ...更多信息 VAM侵染率与地上部干重之间的相关性无论何时达到显著水平，均为负相关。3.地膜覆盖通过提高土壤表层温度（约5-10 ℃），促进大豆对VAM侵染引起的磷素的早期吸收，以及增加根瘤的形成，从而促进大豆的生长。施用木炭还通过在根际为VAM真菌提供有利的微环境而增强了VAM的感染，从而不仅在低肥力条件下而且在相对较高的肥力条件下促进了植物生长。4.一种是格罗姆斯属，尚未查明（孢子表面颜色为黄色）对大豆和鹰嘴豆的生长有极显著的促进作用，在含有63.3ppm Bray Ⅱ-P的Ando消毒土上，其产量和地上部磷含量分别比对照提高300%和500%以上，而对小麦和玉米的生长无明显促进作用。表明VAM真菌之间可能存在一定的寄主特异性。大豆和鹰嘴豆在相同条件下对Gigaspora margarita的反应很少。5.连续施用除草剂（3年）的土壤减少VAM真菌孢子只有当非菌根作物（白菜）连续栽培。少

项目成果

平田煕: "「作物,生育と根圏環境の相互作用」根圏環境と作物の生育ーーりん栄養を中心としてーー" 農水省・農業環境技術研究所, (1989)

平田宏：《作物生长与根际环境的相互作用》根际环境与作物生长-以磷营养为中心-农林水产省农业环境技术研究所，（1989）

Hirata, H.; Masunaga, T.; Koiwa, H.: "Response of chickpea grown on Ando-soil to VA mycorrhizal infection in relation to the level of phosphorus application." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,. 34. 441-449 (1988)

平田，H.；

平田煕: "農業技術大系「土壌施肥編」,第2巻,養分吸収と元素の生理作用,生育の進展と養分吸収" 農文協, 10 (1987)

平田宏：《农业技术体系‘土壤施肥版’第2卷，养分吸收和元素的生理效应、生长进程和养分吸收》信文京，10（1987）

Hirata, H.; Tazaki, T.; Masunaga, T.; Koiwa, H.: "Response of chickpea grown on Ando-soil to VA mycorrhizal infection under different phosphorus condition." International Symp. Mineral Nutr. ＆ Photosyn. (Varna, Bulgaria, Oct. 1987) Transaction,.

Hirata，H.；Masunaga，T.：“安藤土壤上种植的鹰嘴豆对不同磷条件下 VA 菌根感染的反应”（Varna ，保加利亚，1987 年 10 月）交易，。

Kubota, A.; Hirata, H.: "Changes in winter wheat growth and VA mycorrhizal infection with time on Ando-soil field as affected by phosphatic fertilizer and Farmyard manure." Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,.

久保田，A.；