Histrical Review of Development of Infrastructure and Its Impacts on Civilization of Japan

本研究旨在通过对日本基础设施的历史回顾，展望日本为创造新文明而发展的基础设施。在日本古代，由于道路和桥梁的设计和建造技术和工程不发达，当时主要是通过河流和海岸航行的船舶运输，主要是物理分布和客运，考虑到船舶运输，古都都设在那里。通过对史料的调查，这一假设得到了证实。国家通过船舶运输进行土地管理，促进了河流治理和港口建设技术的发展。因此，日本开发了沿海地区。这一趋势一直延续到现代，导致日本海岸线每8公里就有一个贸易港或渔港。相反，Roads最初是为Mili…开发的更多地与马站一起使用。由于收集信息和货物，这些车站逐渐发展成为客栈聚集的城镇。同时，中国笔下的栅格状都城造型也是庙心古镇和古堡古镇的原型。这些都城和地方城镇的建设在很大程度上依赖于中国引进的技术。毫无疑问，自古以来，日本的发展在很大程度上依赖于港口。因此，研究的重点是港口和港口的发展。为了方便历史考察，数据库是在大量史料的基础上建立起来的。利用该数据库，分析了港口建设技术与社会经济发展的关系。明确了港口最初的作用是运送工人、旅客和货物的基地，但在1868年明治革命后，加强了作为工业生产基地的功能。它们变成了大型港口城市，这些城市被钢铁和/或石化等大型工业综合体所占据。然而，拥有白色沙质海岸和蓝色松树的天然海岸却相反地被海岸开发破坏了。这导致人们远离城市滨水区。但现在它被重新定位为国家土地的第三空间，用于信息和通信基地、国际交流、人文和海洋娱乐等新用途。从历史的角度来看，可以说，海岸和近海的技术和发展对日本未来的发展具有重要的关键作用。较少

Present research aimes to perspect the development of infrastructures in Japan for creating new civilization based on their historical reviews. In the encient age in Japan, since the technology and engineering of design and construction of roads and bridges was undeveloped, and then the ship transportation sailing rivers and coasts was the main for phusical distribution and passenger transport and the ancient capitals was located considering the ship transportation. This hypothesis is assured through investigation of historical materials. National land management by ship transportation enforced the development of technologies of improvement of rivers and construction of ports and harbours. As this consequence the coastal area had been developed in Japan. This tendency has been continuously inherited to the modern age and results in the fact that there are one trading port or fishery port per every 8 km of the Japanese coast line. On the contrary, roads was originally developed for mili … More tary use with horse stations. These stations was gradually developed as the towns of aggregation of inns because of collecting informations and goods. In the meantime grid-shape capitals modelling of those in China was the original of temple-centroid towns and castle towns. The construction of these capitals and local towns largely depended on the miported technologies from China. It is no doubt that the development of Japan have largely depend on the ports and harbours since the ancient time. Thus the research focusses on the development of ports and harbours. In order to give convenience for its historical review, the data-base was made based on large volume of historical materials. Using this data-base, the relationhsip between the construction technology of porta and harbours and the socio-economic development. It is made clear that ports and harbours functioned originally as the base for transportation of slodiers, passengers and good, but after the Meiji Revolution in 1868 the function as base of inductrial production was enforced. They became big port-cities which are hintered by big industrial complex such as iron ＆ steel and/or petro-chemicals. However, the natural coast which has white sandy shore and blue pine trees are, on the contrary, destroyed through development of the coast. This leads the people away from the urban waterfront. But now it is re-focussed as a third space of national land for new utilization such as bases of information and comunication, international exchangeof people and culture and marine recreations. From the historical perspective, it could be said that the thechnology and development of coast and offshore have the important key the future development of Japan. Less