Coexistence of neuroactive substances in single neurons

I)单个运动神经元中神经活性物质的共存我们之前已经发现乙酰胆碱（Ach）和降钙素基因相关肽在单个运动神经元中共存。我们用药理学方法，用膈神经隔膜制剂确定，这种肽在刺激神经纤维或直接刺激肌肉时增强肌肉收缩。这种作用可能是通过这种肽的受体而不是乙酰胆碱受体产生的。此外，我们已经证明CGRP也引起横纹肌中环状AMP的增加，并呈剂量依赖性。II)单个感觉神经元中神经活性物质的共存我们已经证明CGRP在感觉神经节的单个小神经元中也与P物质（SP）共存。痛觉刺激导致感觉神经元中编码SP的pre - proachychinine a (PTTA) mRNA表达增强，表明SP与痛觉传导系统的关系更为密切。另一方面，在背角中，SP与脑啡肽（Enk）在单个神经元中共存。痛觉刺激后1小时内，前脑啡肽（PPE） mRNA表达增加，表明在脊髓背角水平，Enk与痛觉传导系统的关系比sp更密切。iii)含有三种以上神经活性物质的神经元的存在侧臂旁区含有大量含有CGRP、sp和神经紧张素（NT）的神经元。臂旁外侧区域外亚核的破坏导致中央杏仁核（AC） CGRP、SP和NT蛋白的消失。此外，这些肽能神经元在外亚核的分布模式非常相似，表明三种肽在这里的单个神经元中都有定位。事实上，免疫细胞化学双染色分析显示大部分sp神经元含有NT，交替连续切片免疫组织化学分析显示许多sp神经元也含有CGRP。为了研究单一神经元中三种以上神经活性物质共存的意义，必须阐明神经受体的定位。我们现在正在解决这个问题。少

I) Coexistence of neuroactive substances in single motor neurons We have previously shown the findings that acetylcholine (Ach) and calcitinin gene-related peptide coexist in single motor neurons. We determined, using pharmacological means, with a phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, that this peptide enhances muscle contraction during stimulation of the nerve fibers or direct stimulation of the muscle. This effect is probably brought about via the receptor for this peptide not the Ach receptors. Furthermore, we have shown that CGRP also caused an increase in cyclic AMP in the striated muscle with a dose dependent manner.II) Coexistence of neuroactive substances in single sensory neurons We have demonstrated that CGRP also coexists with substance P (SP) in single small sized neurons in the sensory ganglia. Nociceptive stimulation resuled in a enhancement of preprotachychinine A (PTTA) mRNA which codes SP in sensory neurons, indicating that SP related much more closely to the nociceptio … More n conduction system. On the other hand, in the dorsal horn, SP coexists with enkephalin (Enk) in single neurons. Expression of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA increased within 1 hour after nociceptive stimulation, demonstrating that at the level of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, Enk is related more closely to the nociception conducting system than SP.III) Presence of neurons containing more than three neuroactive substances Lateral parabrachial area contains a number of CGRP-, SP-and neurotensin (NT)-containing neurons. Destruction of the external subnucleus of the lateral perabrachial area resuled in a disappearance of CGRP, SP and NT fiders in the central amygdaloid nucleus (AC). In addition, distribution pattern of these peptidergic neurons in the external subnucleus is very similar, suggesting that three kinds of peptides localize in single neurons here. In facts, immunocytochemical double staining analysis revealed that most of sp neurons here contained NT. Immunohistochemical analysis of alternative consecutive sections showed that many of these neurons also contained CGRP. In order to examine the significance of the coexistence of more than three neuroactive substances in single neurons, the localization neuroreceptors should be elucidated. We are now working on this problem. Less