Relation of Behavioral Development in Preschool Years to Temperament and Attachment in Infancy - A Longitudinal Study -

以20多名学龄前儿童为研究对象，分别在69个月和82个月时收集了学龄前儿童社会情感发展的随访数据。这些孩子是我们之前研究“婴儿气质，母亲的互动模式和依恋”的对象，在该研究中收集的婴儿社会情感发展和依恋的数据与上面提到的69个月和82个月的数据有关。主要研究结果如下：1)教师对幼儿社会情绪适应的评分结果与幼儿12个月时安斯沃斯陌生情境程序评估的依恋类型相关。B型儿童和C型儿童对学前环境的情绪适应没有差异。这一发现与Sroufe等人之前在美国的报告不一致。结果表明，A型和C型非安全依恋型幼儿比B型安全依恋型幼儿表现出更多的情绪适应不良。我们的发现对他们声称ABC分类在区分安全依恋和不安全依恋方面是有效的提出了质疑。2)从41个月到69个月，甚至到82个月，对不熟悉的事物表现出抑制的行为倾向是相当稳定的。然而，27个月和41、69个月之间的稳定性不是很强。这个问题需要更多的研究。

Follow- up data on socio-emotional development in preschool years were collected at 69 months and 82 months of age with over 20 preschool children as our subjects. These children had been the subjects of our preceding study titled "Infant temperament, mother's mode of interaction, and attachment", and the data on their socioemotional development and attachment in infancy gathered in that study were related to some of the 69 and 82 months data mentioned above.Major findings are as follows:1) The results of teacher's ratings on the children's socio-emotional adaptation to preschool situation were related to the attachment types of these children as assessed by Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure at 12 months. Between type B children and type C ones we did not find any difference as to the emotional adaptation to preschool setting. This finding disagrees with what Sroufe and others in U.S. reported previously. According to them more insecurely attached infants (type A and C) showed emotional maladaptation to preschool setting than securely attached ones (B). Our finding cast doubt to their claim that the ABC classification is valid in distinguishing secure attachment from insecure attachment.2) A behavioral disposition to show inhibition to the unfamiliar is found to be quite stable from 41 months of age through 69 months and even through 82 months. However, the stability between 27 months and 41 and 69 months is not very strong. More study is needed on this issue.