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Socialization of Emotion in Infancy : US-Japan Comparative Study

婴儿期情感的社会化:美日比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
01044001
负责人：
MIYAKE Kazuo
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
Kawamura Gakuen Woman's University (1990)Hokkaido University (1989)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To explore how the basic emotions are socialized in infancy in Japan and the US is a key to understand the differential course of personality development in the two contrasting cultures.1. Although the arm restraint procedure for eliciting anger was successful in eliciting anger in the US 5-year-old sample, the same procedure did not elicit anger in the Japanese infants. Only 7% of anger facial expression components were observed in Japanese infants, compared to 54% in US babies. On the other hand, the Japanese and US 12-month-olds showed similar proportion of anger facial expression (over 70%). Moreover, the 5-month-old Japanese infants took considerably longer to produce anegative affect expression than did the American counterparts. However, the Japanese 12-month-olds became distressed as quickly or even more quickly than the American counterparts. Thus the cultural difference found at 5 months seems to disappear by 12 months of age. These findings reflect an interesting interaction … More between cultural and developmental factors. Why do Japanese infants get so upset when they are 12 month old?It is speculated that the change has to do with self-produced locomotion that might create in infants a much stronger sense of self as a physical agent than exists in a pre-locomotory 5-month-old. This variable may interact with another aspect of Japanese infant care, AMAE, to produce an infant who may get even more upset than American infants do when s/he perceives her/his will as being thwarted.2. Mother and 23-month-olds in Japan and the US were observed in a lab setting representing a public setting for discipline in both cultures. Focus of our analysis was on a set of hypotheses regarding control and compliance in the lab. Our findings suggest that Japanese mothers are less likely than American mothers to express negative affect when prohibiting their children, and that the former appear less insistent on achieving immediate compliance with their requests. Although Japanese mothers appear to be more lenient or permissive than American mothers, their children are equally to comply overall compared with American children. Less

探究基本情绪在日本和美国婴儿期是如何社会化的，是理解这两种截然不同的文化中人格发展差异的关键。虽然在美国5岁的样本中，手臂约束程序引发愤怒是成功的，但在日本婴儿中，同样的程序并没有引发愤怒。在日本婴儿中，只有7%的愤怒面部表情成分被观察到，而在美国婴儿中，这一比例为54%。另一方面，日本和美国的12个月大的婴儿表现出相似的比例愤怒的面部表情（超过70%）。此外，5个月大的日本婴儿产生消极情感表达的时间比美国婴儿长得多。然而，日本12个月大的婴儿变得苦恼的速度与美国同龄人一样快，甚至更快。因此，在5个月大时发现的文化差异似乎在12个月大时消失。这些发现反映了一种有趣的相互作用 ...更多信息文化和发展因素之间的关系。为什么日本的婴儿在12个月大的时候会感到不安？据推测，这种变化与自我产生的运动有关，这种运动可能会在婴儿中产生比运动前5个月大的婴儿更强烈的自我意识。这个变量可能与日本婴儿护理的另一个方面AMAE相互作用，当她/他认为她/他的意愿受到阻碍时，会产生比美国婴儿更沮丧的婴儿。日本和美国的母亲和23个月大的婴儿在实验室环境中观察，这代表了两种文化中的公共纪律环境。我们分析的重点是一组关于实验室控制和遵守的假设。我们的研究结果表明，日本的母亲比美国的母亲更不可能表达负面影响时，禁止他们的孩子，前者似乎不坚持实现立即遵守他们的要求。虽然日本母亲似乎比美国母亲更宽容或更宽容，但与美国儿童相比，他们的孩子总体上同样顺从。少