Studies on the mechanism for salt tolerance in the cultured cells selected from tropical crops

水稻品种Nona Bokra和Chiem Chanh的全株和培养细胞对高NaCl条件的反应进行了测试。耐盐性较强的Nana Bokra比Chiem Chanh的Na含量低，K含量高。盐生植物（滨藜属）的培养细胞在高盐条件下也生长良好。这些细胞保持高K含量，甜菜碱水平在高NaCl条件下增加。耐盐芦苇积累脯氨酸和甜菜碱作为亲和溶质。这些结果表明，耐盐植物在细胞水平上也具有耐盐性，甘蔗和烟草的耐盐细胞对盐的反应不同。甘蔗sT细胞在NaCl培养基上培养时保持了K、Mg和Ca的含量。烟草ST细胞在高盐条件下K、Mg、Ca含量较低，但生长良好。这表明两种ST细胞具有不同的耐盐机制。作为渗透调节物质，甘蔗积累脯氨酸，烟草积累甜菜碱，但其含量均低于盐生植物。用不同的酶组合处理来自几种盐生植物的培养细胞。激素组合及细胞增殖能力对制备清洁原生质体的影响。利用滨藜属植物的原生质体与烟草叶肉原生质体进行融合。

Whole plant and cultured cells of rice varieties, Nona Bokra and Chiem Chanh, were tested for the response to high NaCl conditions. Nana Bokra, that relatively stronger in salt tolerance than Cliem Chanh, showed lower Na and higher K contents than Chiem Chanh. Cultured cells from halophytic plants(Atriplex species) were also grew well under high salt condition. These cells maintained high K content, and betaine levels increase under high NaCl conditions. Salt tolerant phragmites communis accumulated proline and betaine as the compatible solute. These indicates that salt tolerant plants are also salt tolerant in cell levels.Selected salt tolerant(ST) cells from sugarcane and tobacco showed different reacts to salt conditions. Sugarcane sT cells maintained K, Mg and Ca contents in cultured on NaCl medium. On the other hand, tobacco ST cells showed low contents of K, Mg and Ca at high salt condition, but grew well. These indicate that two ST cells have different mechanisms of salt tolerance. As the osmotic regulators sugarcance accumulated proline, and tobacco accumulated betaine, but these content were lower than in halophyte cells.Protoplast preparation and cultivation were tested for the purpose to introduce the salt tolerant abilities to tropical crops. Cultured cells from several halophytic plants were treated different enzyme combinations. Pant hormone combinations and cell proliferating abilities affected to prepare clean protoplasts. Protoplasts from atriplex species were applied to protoplast fusion with tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.