Drug and Species Differences of the Effects of Inhalational Anesthetics on the Behavior and / or Biological Response of Animals

挥发性麻醉剂对果蝇和小鼠的影响存在物种差异。来自果蝇研究的信息：控制药物敏感性的基因可能与其他药物的基因不同，不同于对乙醚、氯仿和氟烷的研究。一个耐乙醚的突变体是辐射敏感的，但它并不是通用的。一般来说，乙醚麻醉会非特异性地减少辐射的影响。此外，Na~+通道突变体PARA-TS2对乙醚麻醉敏感，根据对位基因的结合推测这种超敏反应与通道蛋白结构的任何变化有关。小鼠研究信息：麻醉性反张在DDN和YBR中最常见，而在13个品系的C57BL和R3/IMR/KI中罕见。麻醉药物的发生率依次为七氟烷、异氟烷、安氟醚、甲氧基氟烷和氟烷。高发病率与血/气分配系数的低值成正比。在回避训练中，吸入麻醉促进了记忆的巩固和保持。中枢神经系统对反张的兴奋和记忆的促进不属于同一机制。此外，对挥发性麻醉药的敏感性也存在菌株差异。DDN品系的翻正反射丧失ED50较高，C57BL品系的ED50和Gt；较低。两个品系的正反交F1小鼠对七氟醚、安氟醚和异氟醚表现出中间值。在氟烷中。个人ED_&lt；50；也在相同的价值范围内。杂种F_2在异氟醚和安氟醚中的ED_(50)和G_(t；)值变化较大。不同品系小鼠脑内游离氨基酸和儿茶酚胺含量有显著差异，但这些差异与麻醉敏感性无直接关系。

Species differences were recognized on the effects of volatile anesthetics in Drosophila melanogasters and mice.Information from Drosophila study :The Gene which controls senditivity to an agent might be different from those to other agents, from the studies on ether, choloroform and halothane. An ether tolerant mutant was radiosensitive but it is not universal. Generally, ether anesthesia nonspecifically decreases the effect of radiation. Furthermore, the mutant of Na^+ channel, para ts2, is hypersensitive to ether anesthesia and it is suspected from the binding of para locus that the hypersensitivity links to any change of channel protein structure.Information from mouse study :Anesthetic induced opisthotonus was highly frequently found in ddN and YBR, and seldom found in C57BL and R3/IMR/Ki among 13 strains of mouse. The height of incidence due to anesthetics is in order of sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, methoxyflurane and halothane. And the high incidence is also proportionate to the low value of blood/gas partition coefficient. In avoidance training, memory consolidation and retention are promoted by inhalation anesthesia. Central nervous system excitation of opisthotonus and memory promoting are not attributable to the same mechanism. Furthermore, strain-difference of sensitivity to volatile anesthetics was found. ddN strain showed higher ED_<50> of loss of righting reflex, C57BL showed lower ED_<50>. And F1 hybrid mice by reciprocal crossing between the two strains showed intermediate value in sevoflurane, enflurane and isoflurane. In halothane. individual ED_<50> was in the same range of value. The values of ED_<50> of F2 hybrid in Isoflurane and enflurane were in wide range. Free amino acids and catecholamines of mouse brain showed significant differences among strains, but these differences were not directly related to the sensitivity of anesthesia.