The Physiology of the Cavity Organs in Otorhinolaryngology

耳鼻喉科腔器官的生理学

• 批准号: 63480378
• 负责人: OKUBO Jin
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: Tokyo medical and dental University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63480378/
• 关键词: middle ear cavity; gas tension; auditory tube function; mastoid cavity; respiration of mucous; membrane; 側臥位中耳圧; ティンパノメトリ-; 腔洞換気; 中耳腔

The organs of the Otorhinolaryngology are cavity organs, and their internal surfaces are lined with a layer of the mucous membrane. The these cavity organs is filled gas tension of the peculiar components. Hence, in such a structure, when it is exposed to the environment of hyper and hypo baric pressure, this gas component also tends to change, affected by the environmental pressure. In such pressure adjustment, since a cavity organ itself has no pumping function, the pressure is brought in equilibrium with the environmental pressure as the results of the application of Boyle's low. This signifies that the atmosphere always comes in and out of cavity organs due to treathing. It has been provided, however, that peculiar mucous respiration is made in cavity and peculiar gas tension exist in each cavities. Adove all, the respiration by the mucous membrane of the middle ear cavity is significantly important. This respiration all the time yields gas in a cavity. And this is the physiologica … More l function to release gas tension on the outside of a middle ear cavity through the auditory tubes, when the partial pressure of gas tension becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure. This function serves to provide the gas layer of 1 ATA all the time at the tympanic side so that a tympanic membrane may efficiently vibration, responding to the vibration of a sound. In other words, this physiological function denies the explanation formerly described in a text book, that gas is supplemented from an auditory tube to the middle ear cavity.This physiological function can be explained by the fact that the oxygen tension pressure in the middle ear cavity is about 1/3 (approximately 50mm Hg) of the atmosphere, and that mastoid cells have a volume 20 time as longe as a tympanic cavity and the surface area of the mucous membrane is about 40 cm^2. Furthermore, when the mucous membrane structure is studied, such a fact is learned as a submucous capillary contacts gas through only one cell membrane. This fact suggests the existence of gas metabolism in an middle ear cavity, although it is not a respiratory function which completely exchanges gases as in a lung. In addition, when a person lies in a lateral position, a difference is observed in the extent of opening of an auditory tube between the upper and down side auditory tube. At this time, the internal pressure in the under side middle era cavity indicates a higher value with a significance than the upper side. This is a phenomenon in which the opening and closing function of the under side auditory tube becomes not always to open at every swallowing movement. This phenomenon implies that an auditory tube organically adjusts the opening and closing function corresponding to the change in the physiological environment of an middle ear cavity. This phenomenon, showing the appearance of the difference in the upper and under side of an auditory tube, denies the former view that the ventilation in the middle ear cavity is defense mechanism of the auditory tube. The reason is because of the fact that the changes in the physiological internal environment, in the anatomical relative position, etc. of the middle ear cavity affect the function of an auditory tube. In other words, the organic relation of complete natural dependence is formed between the function of an auditory tube and the ventilation in the middle ear cavity. As stated above, it has been corroborated that the mucous membrane respirating function in the middle ear cavity plays an important role in the physiology of the ventilation in the middle ear cavity under the atmospheric pressure. Less

耳鼻喉科的器官是空腔器官，其内表面衬有一层粘膜。这些空腔器官中充满了特有的气体张力成分。因此，在这种结构中，当其暴露于高压和低压环境时，这种气体成分也容易受到环境压力的影响而发生变化。在这种压力调节中，由于腔器官本身不具有泵功能，因此通过应用波义耳低压，使压力与环境压力达到平衡。这意味着由于治疗，大气总是进出腔器官。然而，已经提出，在空腔中进行特殊的粘液呼吸并且在每个空腔中存在特殊的气体张力。最重要的是，中耳腔粘膜的呼吸非常重要。这种呼吸作用始终在空腔中产生气体。这就是当气体张力的分压高于大气压时，通过耳管释放中耳腔外部气体张力的生理功能。该功能用于在鼓膜侧始终提供1ATA的气体层，使得鼓膜可以有效地振动，响应声音的振动。换句话说，这种生理功能否定了以前教科书上描述的气体从听觉管补充到中耳腔的解释。这种生理功能可以用以下事实来解释：中耳腔的氧张力约为大气的1/3（约50毫米汞柱），乳突细胞的体积是鼓室的20倍，鼓室的表面积也可以解释这一点。 粘膜约40cm^2。另外，当研究粘膜结构时，得知粘膜下毛细血管仅通过一层细胞膜与气体接触的事实。这一事实表明中耳腔中存在气体代谢，尽管它不是像肺那样完全交换气体的呼吸功能。另外，当人侧卧时，观察到上侧耳管和下侧耳管的开口程度存在差异。此时，下侧中腔内的内部压力显示出比上侧更显着的更高值。这是一种下侧听觉管的打开和关闭功能并不总是在每次吞咽动作时打开的现象。这种现象意味着听管根据中耳腔生理环境的变化有机地调节打开和关闭功能。这种现象呈现出听管上下侧差异的现象，否定了以前认为中耳腔通气是听管防御机制的观点。原因是中耳腔的生理内部环境、解剖学相对位置等的变化影响听觉管的功能。也就是说，耳管的功能与中耳腔的通气之间形成了完全自然依赖的有机关系。如上所述，已经证实中耳腔粘膜呼吸功能对于中耳腔在大气压下的通气生理具有重要作用。较少的

项目成果

大久保仁、渡辺〓: ORU. 50. 273-305 (1988)

大久保仁，渡边：ORU。50。273-305（1988）

Jin OKUBO and Isamu WATANABE: "Aeration of the tympanomastoid cavity and the Eustachian tube" Acta Otolaryngol supple. No, 471. 13-34 (1990)

Jin OKUBO 和 Isamu WATANABE：“鼓乳突腔和咽鼓管的通气”Acta Otolaryngol 柔软。

小山 澄子: "側臥位フィンパノメトリ-と外リンパ瘻" 耳ビ臨床.

Sumiko Koyama：“侧位鳍全景测量和外淋巴瘘”Otobi Clinical。

Jin Okubo: "Aeration of the Tympanomastoid Cauity and the Fustacbian tube." Acta.Otolaryugol. (1990)

Jin Okubo：“鼓室乳突肌和 Fustacbian 管的通气。”

大久保仁: "中耳腔換気と耳管機能" 耳鼻咽喉科臨床. 83. 217-225 (1990)

大久保仁：“中耳腔通气与咽鼓管功能”耳鼻喉科临床。 83. 217-225 (1990)